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枸橼酸铁铵对小胶质细胞激活状态的影响

2020-06-08于小淇谢俊霞徐华敏

青岛大学学报(医学版) 2020年2期
关键词:培养液胶质亚型

于小淇 谢俊霞 徐华敏

[摘要] 目的 探讨枸橼酸铁铵(FAC)处理对原代培养的小胶质细胞M1亚型标志物CD86及M2亚型标志物CD206表达的影响。方法 FAC处理原代培养的小胶质细胞24 h后,应用蛋白质免疫印迹(Western Blot)方法检测小胶质细胞内CD86和CD206的表达。结果 FAC处理小胶质细胞24 h后,M1亚型的标志物CD86的表达明显降低,而M2亚型的标志物CD206的表达明显升高,与对照组相比差异均有统计学意义(t=2.160、3.543,P<0.05)。结论 高铁能够将小胶质细胞激活为抗炎性的M2表型。

[关键词] 帕金森病;铁;小神经胶质细胞;B7-2抗原;CD206抗原

[中图分类号] R338.2  [文献标志码] A  [文章编号] 2096-5532(2020)02-0147-03

doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2020.56.061 [开放科学(资源服务)标识码(OSID)]

[网络出版] http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/37.1517.R.20200407.0943.009.html;2020-04-08 09:48

[ABSTRACT] Objective To investigate the effect of ferric ammonium citrate (FAC) on the expression of M1 subtype marker CD86 and M2 subtype marker CD206 in primary cultured microglia.  Methods Primary cultured microglial cells were treated with FAC for 24 h, and Western Blot was performed to determine the expression levels of CD86 and CD206.  ResultsFAC treatment (24 h) significantly decreased the expression of CD86 and significantly increased the expression of CD206 in the primary cultured microglial cells compared with the control group (t=2.160,3.543;P<0.05).  Conclusion High level of iron can activate microglia into an anti-inflammatory M2 phenotype.

[KEY WORDS] Parkinson disease; iron; microglia; B7-2 antigen; CD206 antigen

作為第二大最常见的神经退行性疾病——帕金森病(PD)的症状主要包括静止性震颤、运动迟缓等运动症状[1-4]。越来越多的证据表明,黑质(SN)区铁的过度沉积是PD发病的关键因素之一[5-7]。小胶质细胞是驻留在中枢神经系统中的最丰富的免疫细胞,与神经元在生理和功能上都存在紧密的联系[8],在生理和病理条件下表现出广泛的功能。研究发现,在病理状态下,小胶质细胞可由静止状态转变为激活状态并迁移到损伤部位,分泌促炎或抗炎的细胞因子,减弱或加剧损伤[9]。当大脑受到缺血损伤后,大量小胶质细胞迅速激活并转化为两种不同的激活亚型,即M1型和M2型[10-15]。但高铁对小胶质细胞激活状态的影响目前尚不明确。本实验旨在研究高铁状态下小胶质细胞的激活亚型,以阐明高铁在小胶质细胞激活中的作用。

1 材料与方法

1.1 实验材料

原代培养的小胶质细胞(从大鼠乳鼠中脑内获取),DMEM/F12基础培养液、胰酶(美国Hyclone公司),胎牛血清(FBS,美国Gibco公司),青霉素-链霉素溶液(100×,中国北京索莱宝科技有限公司),枸橼酸铁胺(FAC)、D-多聚赖氨酸(美国Sigma公司),ECL发光液(Millipore公司),CD86抗体和CD206抗体(美国R&D System公司)。

1.2 原代小胶质细胞的培养

实验前高压灭菌实验器具。150 cm2细胞培养瓶用D-多聚赖氨酸处理过夜,再用高压灭菌后的去离子水洗3次备用。取2个玻璃培养皿,加入基础培养液(盖过底部即可),置于冰上。将乳鼠断颈,用眼科镊剥取中脑置于培养皿中,眼科剪剪碎后,用移液枪将中脑组织块轻轻吹打至消散,将其吸至离心管中,以1 000 r/min离心5 min。弃上清,用完全培养液重悬沉淀,接种于培养瓶中,置于37 ℃、含体积分数0.05 CO2的培养箱中培养。细胞培养7 d后,将细胞培养瓶封口后固定在空气浴恒温摇床上,以230 r/min剧烈震荡2 h。取上清培养液至离心管中,以1 000 r/min离心5 min。弃上清,加入完全培养液重悬沉淀,接种到孔板或培养瓶中。

1.3 实验分组及处理

实验分为对照组和FAC处理组。将原代培养的小胶质细胞接种于6孔板中,每孔1.5 mL细胞悬液;第2天分组处理细胞,将两组细胞培养液均换成基础培养液,FAC处理组加用FAC(100 μmol/L)处理,置于37 ℃、含体积分数0.05 CO2的培养箱中孵育24 h。

1.4 蛋白质免疫印迹(Western Blot)检测

将6孔板每孔加入80 μL蛋白裂解液,冰上裂解30 min,用刮板刮下贴附在板底的小胶质细胞,用移液枪移入预先标记好的EP管中,在4 ℃下以12 000 r/min离心20 min,吸取上清至另一个EP管中,用BCA试剂盒检测蛋白浓度,加入Loading Buffer,95 ℃煮5 min。SDS-PAGE电泳之后转至PVDF膜上,室温下用50 g/L脱脂奶粉封闭目的条带2 h后,分别加入CD206、CD86和β-actin的一抗,于4 ℃摇床上孵育过夜。用TBST洗3次,每次10 min,再用对应的山羊抗兔的二抗室温孵育1 h,最后以TBST洗3次后应用ECL发光液底物避光孵育1 min,显影。用Image J软件进行分析,结果以目的条带与内参条带灰度值之比表示。

1.5 统计学处理

应用SPSS 17.0软件进行统计学处理,实验结果以±s表示,两独立样本比较采用Students t检验,以P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结  果

2.1 FAC对小胶质细胞CD86蛋白表达的影响

FAC處理组和对照组细胞内CD86蛋白表达水平分别为1.557±0.336和2.272±0.517(n=6),FAC处理组较对照组明显降低,差异有统计学意义(t=2.160,P<0.05)。

2.2 FAC对小胶质细胞CD206蛋白表达的影响

FAC处理组和对照组细胞内CD206蛋白表达水平分别为0.538±0.074和0.367±0.039(n=6),FAC处理组CD206的表达水平明显高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(t=3.543,P<0.05)。

3 讨  论

PD是世界第二大常见的神经退行性疾病,但迄今为止,其病因尚不明确。研究表明,环境因素、遗传因素、年龄老化、氧化应激均可能参与了PD的发病[5,16-21]。尸检发现,PD病人脑内SN有大量的铁沉积[6-7]。SN铁的异常沉积,可以导致脑内铁代谢紊乱,是PD发病的关键病因之一[5,16-21]。神经退行性疾病的病理特征是神经变性,而小胶质细胞的活化通常与神经变性有关[22-25]。在生理条件下,小胶质细胞双向信号对于神经回路的信息传导尤为重要,介导各种脑功能,例如突触可塑性[26-28]。在PD病理状态下,小胶质细胞可以由静止状态转变为激活状态并迁移到损伤部位,而从静止状态到激活状态的转变需要复杂的调控机制,以严格调控小胶质细胞的激活[29]。不同的靶标和受体可能以不同的方式调节小胶质细胞的激活状态,以减弱或加剧神经元的损伤[8,30-31]。

本实验以从出生24 h内大鼠中脑提取并培养成熟的小胶质细胞作为实验对象,用高浓度的FAC处理小胶质细胞来制备高铁模型,以还原PD病人脑内高铁环境对小胶质细胞的刺激,观察小胶质细胞的激活状态,从而确定高铁环境对小胶质细胞激活状态的影响。CD86为小胶质细胞M1型的标记物,其表达增加提示小胶质细胞被激活为促炎状态,而CD206则是小胶质细胞M2型的标记物,其表达增加则提示小胶质细胞被激活为抗炎状态。本实验结果显示,在高铁环境下,原代培养的小胶质细胞内的CD86表达较对照组明显降低,而CD206表达水平明显高于对照组,差异具有统计学意义。提示在高铁环境下,小胶质细胞被激活为M2状态,可能在保护神经元免受外界损伤中发挥抗炎作用。本研究结果为铁在调控小胶质细胞激活状态中的作用提供了新的证据。

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(本文編辑 马伟平)

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