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主谓一致在英语写作中的应用

2020-05-09才丽丽

校园英语·下旬 2020年2期
关键词:谓语宾语用法

在高中英语必修四的语法清单里出现了主谓一致(Agreement between subject and verb)这个语法点。书上列举了九点关于主谓一致的用法,有些资料把它分为四大类:就近原则、意义一致原则、整体原则、个体原则。这些分类在写作中常用到的有就近原则、整体原则。常见的用法有There be句型、not only...but also句型;从句、不定式、动名词等作主语时谓语动词用单数等。

主谓一致在写作中主要体现在五大基本句型结构,即主语+谓语;主语+谓语+宾语;主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语;主语+谓语+宾语+宾补;主语+系动词+表语。比较这些基本结构都离不开主语与谓语的搭配,可见掌握主谓一致原则是写好一篇英语作文的基础,主谓用法出现错误无疑是对英语学习水平的否定,因此在写作当中要引起高度重视。作为一名高中生,在有了基本的主谓一致概念后,要应用其规则,造出好的句子,增强文章的可读性。结合学生在写作中常见的主谓一致错误进行分析,通过修改进一步提高学生作文能力,达到写作要求,提高作文成绩。下面选取两篇作文进行分析。作文要求为:学习之余你一定有很多兴趣爱好,是唱歌、游泳、还是画画或是其他,以我的爱好为主题写一篇短文。提示:(1)我喜欢什么;(2)喜欢的原因是什么,可适当增加内容。要求:(1)包括所提示内容;(2)词数100左右;(3)不得出现真实人名校名。注意:1.短文需要包括以上内容,可适当发挥;2.词数80-100个。根据上面作文要求考生根据提示进行书面表达。要达到(1)清楚、连贯地传递信息、表达意思,这一要求说明学生要把提示中的各个要点表达出来。(2)有效运用所学语言知识。语法知识是体现语言能力的有效途径。

My hobby

Instead of studying, everyone have has a hobby. My hobby isMy hobbies are singing the song and swimming.

When I was a child, I always see saw the game of swimming. I love swimming. Also swimming is good at our health. It can exercise our body to make it strong.

In this world, there are many people like to sing song. Sing Singing song is good to our heart. It can make us excited and keep a good mind. WhenI was six years old. My father listened to music. Therefore, I will lovelove music and sing the song.

My hobby

When I was a little boy. Im was very like to play basketball. But at that time, I didnt know what is was basketball. How to play basketball well.

In middle school, Im learn learn to play basketball from TV or phone. Basketball is a good sport. I like to play basketball. Because it is good for my healthy and my friends also like likes to play basketball. It is very interesting and happy when I play basketball with my friends. Basketball is very important in my life. Playing basketball is my hobby. It is teach teaches me to do many things.

共性的問题就是在阐述文章内容时单词过于单一乏味,不能灵活使用好词。词是构成句的基础,有了句子才能把语法运用其中,因此就会产生不同程度的错误。典型的错误有主语与谓语之间第三人称单复数,不定代词的用法等。主谓一致中强调主语与谓语的一致性,但从上面的作文当中发现时态、语态混用现象明显,对于作为主语的名词、代词或非谓语动词可以写出来,但紧跟其后的谓语及动词不知如何使用,是基础薄弱学生的软肋。下面就主谓一致典型的用法和围绕这个写作话题举出几个实用的例句,希望通过练习学生能够领会,造出好的句子为作文增色。

1.爱好不仅能够使我放松,而且使我学习新的东西。(not only...but also)

2.每个人都有各自的爱好。(every)

3.在我们班级里有80%的男生喜欢打篮球、踢足球。(80%)

4.阅读是一个有意义的爱好。(reading)

5.拥有1万多本书的图书馆是我常去的地方。(with ten thousand books)

【作者简介】才丽丽,陆军边海防学院昆明校区。

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