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原发性干燥综合征患者高迁移率族蛋白B1与辅助性T细胞17/调节性T细胞平衡的关系

2020-04-03李雪程婷任效瑛

中国医药导报 2020年4期

李雪 程婷 任效瑛

[摘要] 目的 探討原发性干燥综合征(pSS)患者外周血中高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)水平与辅助性T细胞17(Th17)/调节性T细胞(Treg)平衡的关系。 方法 选取2018年5月~2019年5月山西医科大学第二医院风湿免疫科初诊pSS患者40例为pSS组,同期健康体检者20名为对照组。采集肘静脉血,流式细胞仪检测Th17、Treg细胞个数,计算Th17/Treg比值;流式细胞仪微球捕获芯片技术检测血清白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-6、IL-10水平;酶联免疫吸附测定法检测HMGB1、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)水平。将上述各指标进行组间比较,并分析HMGB1与上述细胞及相关细胞因子的相关性。 结果 pSS组HMGB1、Th17、Th17/Treg水平高于对照组,而Treg水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。pSS组IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平高于对照组,而IL-10水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。相关性分析表明HMGB1与Th17、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6水平呈正相关(r = 0.738、0.502、0.762、0.578,均P < 0.05),与Treg、IL-10水平呈负相关(r = -0.657、-0.686,均P < 0.05),与TGF-β水平无明显相关性(P > 0.05)。 结论 pSS患者外周血HMGB1异常高表达,且与健康人相比存在明显的T细胞免疫异常,提示HMGB1可能通过调节Th17/Treg平衡参与pSS的发生、发展。

[关键词] 原发性干燥综合征;高迁移率族蛋白B1;辅助性T细胞17;调节性T细胞

[中图分类号] R593          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1673-7210(2020)02(a)-0167-04

[Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship between the level of high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) and the balance of helper T cell 17 (Th17) /regulatory T cells (Treg) in peripheral blood of patients with primary Sj?觟gren′s syndrome (pSS). Methods Forty patients with pSS in Rheumatology Department of the Second Hospital of Shanxi Medical University from May 2018 to May 2019 were selected as pSS group, and 20 healthy subjects were control group. Elbow venous blood was collected. The number of Th17 and Treg cells was detected by flow cytometry, and Th17/Treg ratio was calculated. Cytometric bead array was used to detect serum interleukin (IL)-17, IL-6 and IL-10 levels. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent was used to detect the levels of HMGB1 and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). Each of the above indicators was compared between two groups, and the correlation between HMGB1 and the expression of various cells and cytokines was analyzed. Results The levels of HMGB1, Th17 and Th17/Treg in pSS group were higher than those in control group, while Treg was lower than that in control group, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The levels of IL-17, IL-6 and TGF-β in pSS group were higher than those in control group, while IL-10 was lower than that in control group, the differences were statistically significant (P < 0.05). Correlation analysis showed that HMGB1 was positively correlated with Th17, Th17/Treg, IL-17 and IL-6 levels (r = 0.738, 0.502, 0.762, 0.578, all P < 0.05). There was a negative correlation between the levels of HMGB1 and Treg, IL-10 (r = -0.657, -0.686, all P < 0.05), no significant correlation with TGF-β (P > 0.05). Conclusion HMGB1 in peripheral blood of patients with pSS is abnormally high, and there is obvious T cell immune abnormality compared with healthy people, suggesting that HMGB1 may participate in the development of pSS by regulating Th17/Treg balance.

[Key words] Primary Sj?觟gren′s syndrome; High mobility group protein B1; Helper T cell 17; Regulatory T cells

原发性干燥综合征(pSS)是一种慢性炎症性自身免疫疾病,可造成多种器官和系统的损害。我国患病率为0.29%~0.77%。病理上主要表现为受累组织炎症细胞的浸润和次级生发中心形成,这些炎症细胞主要包括T、B淋巴细胞,树突状细胞及巨噬细胞等。且越来越多的研究表明,CD4+T细胞亚群中辅助性T细胞(Th17)、调节性T细胞(Treg)的水平异常及比例失衡参与了pSS的发生、发展,且Th17/Treg平衡偏向Th17,发挥促炎作用,加重病情发展[1]。新近发现的细胞因子高迁移率族蛋白B1(HMGB1)是一种具有双重作用的预警素[2],可参与机体中一系列炎性反应的发生、发展。研究报道[3],pSS患者血清中HMGB1水平明显增高,激活免疫炎性反应,参与其发生、发展。目前pSS发病机制仍不完全清晰,其中细胞免疫学机制是研究的热点[4]。因此,本研究中通过对pSS患者外周血HMGB1、Th17、Treg及相关细胞因子的检测结果进行分析,探讨HMGB1与Th17/Treg平衡的关系,为pSS机制研究提供参考,且对其治疗提供新思想和手段。

1 资料与方法

1.1 一般资料

选取2018年5月~2019年5月山西医科大学第二医院(以下简称“我院”)风湿免疫科门诊及住院初诊的pSS患者40例作为pSS组,年龄31~79岁,平均(57.30±10.60)岁。纳入标准:符合2002年修订的干燥综合征国际诊断(分类)标准[5],同意本课题研究。排除标准:pSS以外的其他自身免疫疾病或试验前接受激素或免疫抑制剂治疗。此外,选择同期我院体检中心检查的健康体检者20名作为对照组,年龄23~49岁,平均(36.80±7.82)岁。两组年龄比较差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05),具有可比性。符合标准:未患自身免疫疾病、肿瘤、血液系统疾病等。本研究经我院医学伦理委员会批准,并取得受试对象的知情同意。

1.2 检测方法

抽取受试对象肘静脉血4 mL,离心取血清置于 -20℃冰箱保存(离心半径210 mm,3000 r/min离心5 min)。采用FACSCalibur流式细胞仪(Becton Dickinson公司,美国)检测Th17、Treg细胞个数,并计算Th17/Treg比值;流式细胞仪微球捕获芯片技术(CBA)检测血清白细胞介素(IL)-17、IL-6、IL-10水平,细胞因子标准品、CBA分析试剂盒及三色微球均购自美国BD公司,通过Cell Quest软件获取样本数据,运用BD CBA软件分析实验结果;采用酶联免疫吸附测定法检测HMGB1、转化生长因子-β(TGF-β)水平,相关检测试剂盒均购自上海信帆生物科技有限公司,具体操作按照试剂盒说明书进行。将上述各指标进行组间比较,并分析HMGB1与上述细胞及相关细胞因子的相关性。CBA试剂盒:20190501;HMGB1:20190505361;TGF-β:20190506339。

1.3 统计学方法

采用SPSS 20.0统计学软件分析实验数据,计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用独立样本t检验,相关性采用Pearson相关分析。以P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组HMGB1、Th17、Treg、Th17/Treg水平比较

pSS组HMGB1、Th17、Th17/Treg水平高于对照组,Treg水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表1。

2.2 两组IL-17、IL-6、IL-10、TGF-β水平比较

pSS组IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平高于对照组,IL-10水平低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。见表2。

2.3 HMGB1与各指标相关性分析结果

HMGB1与Th17、Th17/Treg及其相关细胞因子IL-17、IL-6水平呈正相关(r = 0.738、0.502、0.762、0.578,均P < 0.05),HMGB1与Treg、IL-10水平呈负相关(r = -0.657、-0.686,均P < 0.05),HMGB1与TGF-β水平无明显相关性(P > 0.05)。

3 讨论

pSS是一种T细胞介导、B细胞功能亢进所致的自身免疫疾病。目前pSS发病机制不是完全清晰,近年来CD4+T细胞亚群中Th17与CD4+CD25(hi)FoxP3+T细胞(Treg)备受人们关注[6-9]。Th17细胞在抗原刺激后能特异性分泌细胞因子IL-17,其可在TGF-β、IL-6同时存在时,由幼稚T细胞通过表达维甲酸相关孤独核受体-γt(ROR-γt)特异性转录因子分化而来[10]。Treg细胞通过分泌抑制性细胞因子IL-10、TGF-β抑制表达IL-17,发挥负向免疫调节作用。既往报道显示免疫组化法测pSS鼠模型及患者病理组织IL-17及IL-23表达均上调,且鼠模型中表达上调与ROR-γt基因表达增高有相关性[11],另外pSS患者唇腺中缺乏Treg细胞[12],外周血Treg细胞數量明显低于对照组[13]。HMGB1是HMG蛋白中唯一可释放至胞外发挥细胞因子活性、参与炎性反应的分子[14]。当机体遭受感染等时HMGB1与受体结合激活一系列通路,诱导趋化因子和炎性细胞因子TNF-α、IL-6、IL-1β等发挥促炎作用。因此探讨HMGB1与Th17/Treg平衡的关系,可以更好地了解pSS发病机制,为后续治疗提供新思路。

本研究比较了pSS组与对照组HMGB1、Th17、Treg、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6、IL-10、TGF-β水平,发现pSS组HMGB1、Th17、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平高于对照组,Treg、IL-10低于对照组。提示pSS患者外周血HMGB1、Th17、Treg、Th17/Treg及其相关细胞因子与对照组相比发生了显著变化。IL-17作为Th17细胞分泌的代表性因子,对T细胞活化起协同刺激作用[15]。在pSS患者体内Th17及相关促炎因子的过度表达,Treg细胞及相关抑制性细胞因子IL-10低表达,均提示pSS患者体内发生了Th17/Treg失衡,平衡偏向Th17细胞。本研究中患者体内TGF-β水平高于健康人,与之前报道相同[16-17]。TGF-β是一种双向性的细胞因子,有促炎作用,又具有抑炎活性[18]。TCR刺激原始CD4+T细胞时,TGF-β可单独诱导表达FoxP3和ROR-γt。当有前炎性细胞因子如IL-6或IL-21,TGF-β诱导FoxP3表达减弱而ROR-γt上调,抑制Treg细胞分化并促进Th17细胞分化。在缺乏炎症时,FoxP3表达上调抑制了ROR-γt活性,导致IL-17消除,促进Treg细胞分化,维持免疫耐受[19]。本研究中HMGB1与Th17、Th17/Treg及IL-17、IL-6水平呈正相关,与Treg、IL-10水平呈负相关,与TGF-β无明显相关性。进一步提示HMGB1参与pSS患者Th17/Treg平衡的调节。HMGB1能够刺激诱导树突状细胞、单核细胞分泌促炎因子,使Th17细胞及相关因子水平随着HMGB1的增加而增加,这些细胞因子可通过STAT3信号通路削弱FoxP3对ROR-γt的抑制作用并下调FoxP3的表达,与TGF-β协同促使初始T细胞向Th17细胞分化并诱导Treg向分泌IL-17的表型转化从而调节Th17/Treg平衡[20],使Treg细胞及相关因子水平随着HMGB1的增加而减少,而血清TGF-β水平升高。HMGB1使Th17/Treg平衡被打破,从而直接参与机体的免疫炎性反应。

pSS患者外周血HMGB1异常高表达,Th17、Th17/Treg、IL-17、IL-6、TGF-β水平升高,Treg、IL-10水平降低以及HMGB1与各指标相关性分析,均提示HMGB1可能通过调节Th17/Treg平衡参与pSS的发生、发展。本研究不足之处在于样本量较少,具体机制尚有待多中心、大样本量的临床研究进行明确。

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(收稿日期:2019-07-11  本文编辑:李亚聪)