Study on the medication rule of Wang Xun in the treatment of dysentery based on Data Mining

Wang Wan-li, Zhang Meng-jing, Yang Shu-guang, Kai Fei, Wang Peng

Anhui University of Chinese Medicine.Anhui 230038

Keywords:data mining Wang Xun dysentery medication law

ABSTRACT Objective: Based on data mining, Wang Xun's medication rule in the treatment of dysentery was discussed. Methods: the traditional Chinese medicine used in the prescriptions for dysentery in Wang Xun's "Tzu hang Ji Sanyuan Puji Fang" was counted, the names of the drugs were standardized, and their properties, taste, efficacy and meridian tropism were investigated respectively. The database was established with the help of Microsoft Excel 2016, SPSS statistic 24.0 and SPSS modeler 18.0 computer software, and the frequency analysis and high-frequency drug association rules were carried out Analysis, cluster analysis. Results: 44 prescriptions of Wang Xun's dysentery were sorted out and 64 traditional Chinese medicines were used, of which 22 were high-frequency drugs (drugs with frequency ≥ 5%). The top ten drugs were Cheqianzi, Danggui, liquorice, Muxiang, white peony, Fructus aurantii, areca, Poria cocos, radish and rhubarb. The correlation analysis produced "Raphanus seed→Plantago asiatica, Bitter orange→liquorice, tangerine peel→Fructus aurantii, Fructus aurantii→Cheqianzi, areca There are 15 associations of 2 kinds of drugs, such as hammer, Cheqianzi, Fructus aurantii, Muxiang, and so on. Cluster analysis shows that there are 4 cluster formulas: Angelica, Cheqianzi, Raphani, Fructus aurantii, white peony, liquorice, areca, red peony, tangerine peel, rhubarb, Fructus aurantii, Magnolia officinalis and Coptis. Conclusion: the method of data mining is to study the rule of Wang's prescription in the treatment of dysentery, so as to summarize the characteristics of Wang's prescription in the treatment of dysentery, which has guiding significance for clinical treatment of dysentery.

1. Introduction

2. Materials and methods

Wang Xun, who was born in Shexian, Qing Dynasty. He is a famous physician in Qing Dynasty and a representative of Xin'an medical school. Wang's book "general prescription of three yuan in Cihang collection" contains 44 prescriptions and prescriptions of Wang's treatment of dysentery for more than 30 years. Based on data mining, this paper studies the rule of Wang's prescription drugs in the treatment of dysentery, in order to provide reliable basis for clinical treatment and research of this disease.

2.1 Prescription source and screening

According to the statistics and collation of the prescriptions for dysentery recorded in the "three yuan Puji formula of Cihang collection" [1] 94, 44 prescriptions (pill, powder, soup, paste, etc.) were obtained by eliminating the prescriptions for dysentery, and 64 medicines (stewed ginger, buckwheat, ginger, herbal cream, red granulated sugar, aged tea, radish, vegetable, yellow wine, etc.) were used.

2.2 Standardized treatment of drug name, sexual taste, meridian tropism and efficacy classification

According to the planning textbook (9th Edition) of Chinese medicine[2]and Pharmacopoeia of the people's Republic of China[3], the medicine name, sexual taste, meridian tropism and efficacy classification of the medicine appearing in the prescription are standardized for subsequent retrieval, statistics, entry, calculation, etc. For example, Angelica sinensis and Angelica sinensis were changed into Angelica sinensis; sweet and white atractylodes were changed into Atractylodes macrocephala; silver flower was changed into honeysuckle; Wu Yu was changed into Evodia rutaecarpa; Chuan Lian was changed into Coptis; Guang Muxiang was changed into woodiness; Chi Xian he Shou Wu was changed into he Shou Wu; Shan Yu flesh was changed into Cornus; Yun Ling and Chi Ling were changed into Poria cocos; powder The red skin was changed to peony skin; the Jian Alisma was changed to Alisma; the Sichuan pepper was changed to prickly ash; the processed ginger charcoal was changed to processed ginger; the toad skin was changed to toad skin; the chicken gizzard skin was changed to chicken internal gold; the black bean was changed to black bean; the Morinda meat was changed to Morinda; the Shenqu was changed to liushenqu; the root skin of Ailanthus altissima was changed to toon skin, etc. According to the classification of the function and main treatment of the drugs, such as bitter, pungent, sour, and slight cold, it is also classified according to the traditional Chinese medicine. Return spleen and stomach channel. It belongs to Qi regulating medicine. Cheqianzi: sweet, cold. Return to liver, kidney, lung and small intestine. It belongs to the medicine of diuresis and dampness.

2.3 Establish database

64 drugs in 44 prescriptions were classified and statistically analyzed in terms of drug name, sexual taste, meridian tropism and efficacy. A database was established with Microsoft Office Excel 2016 professional edition to analyze the frequency of drug use. SPSSstatistical24.0software was used to classify the data→cluster analysis→system cluster analysis → cluster method: group connection, measurement interval: Pearson correlation for cluster analysis , the results are displayed in a tree view. Among them, drug association analysis (setting the minimum support 10%, the minimum confidence 80%, the maximum number of items before 2.).

3. Results

3.1 Frequency of medication

There are 44 prescriptions for Wang's treatment of dysentery, and 64 kinds of drugs are used for statistical analysis. Among them, 22 drugs (high-frequency drugs) were used more than 3 times (more than 5%) in total (see Table 1), which were Cheqianzi, angelica, liquorice, woody fragrance, white peony, Fructus aurantii, areca, Poria cocos, radish, rhubarb, Atractylodes macrocephala, tangerine peel, ginseng, Coptis chinensis, Fructus aurantii, red peony, ginger, Evodia rutaecarpa, liushenqu, Magnolia officinalis and dogwood.

3.1.1

Five flavors of Medicine According to the textbook of traditional Chinese medicine, 64 kinds of traditional Chinese medicine can be divided into seven categories: sour, bitter, sweet, pungent, salty, astringent and slightly bitter. There are many kinds of single medicine. According to statistics, the proportion of bitter medicine is 46.88% (30 times), the proportion of sweet medicine is 40.63% (26 times), the proportion of bitter medicine is 37.50% (24 times), the proportion of sour medicine is 14.06% (9 times), and the proportion of astringent medicine is 9.38% (6 times) The proportion of salty medicine and bitter medicine was 1.56% (once each).

3.1.2

Four drugs 64 kinds of drugs were divided into 7 types: cold, hot, warm, cool, slight warm, slight cold and great heat. There was only one kind of drug. Among them, warm drugs were the most frequent, 20 times (31.25%); cold drugs were the second, 12 times (18.75%); lukewarm drugs were 9 times (14.06%); slight cold drugs were 7 times (10.94%); cold drugs and big heat drugs were 1 time (1.56%) %).

Table 1 high frequency drugs (frequency ≥ 5%) prescribed by Wang Xun for dysentery

Table 2 meridian tropism of Wang Xun's prescription for dysentery

Table 3 functions of Wang Xun's prescription for dysentery

Table 4 Correlation Analysis of two kinds of high frequency drugs in 44 prescriptions of Wang Xun's treatment of dysentery

3.1.3 Classification of 64 drugs

According to statistics, the channels of spleen, stomach, liver, heart, lung and kidney were the main channels of Wang's treatment of dysentery, accounting for 59.38%, 46.88%, 42.19%, 28.13% and 26.56% respectively. (see Table 2).

3.1.4 Function classification of 64 drugs

The results showed that Wang Xun was good at using tonic drugs in the treatment of dysentery, followed by heat clearing drugs, blood activating and stasis removing drugs, food eliminating drugs, herbs for warming the interior, herbs for regulating qi, herbs for promoting water and dampness, etc. see Table 3 for details.

3.2 High frequency drug association analysis

22 high-frequency drugs in the prescription were analyzed by correlation analysis (according to the minimum support degree of 10%, the minimum confidence degree of 80%, the maximum number of items before 2). Results a total of 15 associations were generated, including "radish seed → plantain seed, Fructus aurantii → liquorice, tangerine peel → Fructus aurantii, Fructus aurantii → plantain seed, areca nut → plantain seed, Fructus aurantii → Muxiang" (among them, the association analysis repeated to delete such as angelica, plantain seed, plantain seed, angelica, plantain seed, angelica) The percentage of confidence ranges from high to low. The percentage of support ranges from 11.36% to 56.82%, and the percentage of confidence ranges from 80.00% to 100.00%. See Table 4 for details.

3.3 Cluster analysis of high frequency drugs

The cluster analysis of 22 high-frequency drugs in 44 prescriptions was carried out, and figure 1 was obtained, and the cluster groups of 4 groups of multi drugs and 8 groups of drug pairs were obtained. Among them, the polymerized group of multi flavor drugs were: Group C1: Angelica, plantain, radish, Fructus aurantii, white peony, liquorice, areca, red peony and orange peel; group C2: rhubarb, Fructus aurantii, Magnolia officinalis and Coptis; group C3: Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala, ginseng and liushenqu; group C4: Rehmannia officinalis, Cornus officinalis, dried ginger, wood fragrance and Evodia. The cluster group was A1 angelica, plantain seed; A2 areca, red peony, A3 red peony, tangerine peel; A4 rhubarb, Fructus aurantii; A5 magnolia, Coptis; A6 Poria, Atractylodes; A7 rehmannia, Cornus; A8 Muxiang, Evodia.

Figure 1 cluster analysis tree of 44 prescriptions of Wang Xun for dysentery

4. Discussion

Dysentery, which was called "stagnation" in ancient times, is called "Chang Fu" and "Chi Wo" in the Huangdi Neijing [4]. In the theory of the origin of various diseases · dysentery princes, it was divided into 21 princes, until the Song Dynasty, when it was strictly used and officially called the disease name. Dysentery is a common intestinal infectious disease in summer. In Danxi Xinfa · lijiu [5], it is said that Lichi belongs to blood, while Bai belongs to Qi. Body heat, back weight, abdominal pain and bleeding.Its symptoms mainly include increased stool frequency, abdominal pain, internal urgency, red, white and frozen diarrhea. Have body heat, hind heavy, bellyache, next blood. However, dysentery is easy to cause febrile convulsion, coma, shock and death. It is typical of epidemic, seasonal and infectious. About its etiology and pathogenesis, "Suwen, Taiyin and Yangming treatise" said: Food and drink are not appropriate, daily life from time to time, Yin receives it When Yin receives it, it enters the five internal organs The viscera is full of occlusive membrane, and the lower part is the upper part, and the lower part is the intestine[4]. It is pointed out that the disease is related to the improper diet. "Plain question, to be true" said: Fire prostitution wins People's disease discharge red and white Abdominal pain, redness and bloody stool[4]. It points out that it is closely related to climate change. In terms of treatment, Wang Xun believed that "dysentery is not good, but common. General purpose should be flexible. All in the first good, no bad disease

Based on the data mining method, we can get the medication rule of the prescription doctors, which provides the basis for the clinicians to use drugs, but we should still treat according to syndrome differentiation. As Wang Xun thought, the treatment of dysentery can be divided into cold, heat, deficiency and actual treatment, without any mistakes. There are many researches on the data mining of dysentery, such as Zhang Yan [6] and Yuan Minzhi [7] on the rules of prescriptions for dysentery and the rules of drugs for dysentery in Ye Tianshi's clinical guide medical case, Li Shengcai [8]on Kong Yuli, a famous doctor in Qing Dynasty, and Wu Jiarui [9] on Ma Peizhi, a famous doctor of Menghe school, and Tan Zhanpeng, 21 famous doctors in modern times The data mining of 43 cases of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of dysentery and the research of formula and syndrome law [10], yuanpingping's analysis of drug use law for the treatment of children's dysentery[11], Wang Yizhan's[12]statistics of published literature of traditional Chinese medicine treatment of dysentery, 128 literature, 180 medical cases, and mining of drug use law by using association rules. It is not only of practical significance to study Wang Xun's rule of dysentery treatment, but also to compare with other famous doctors in order to analyze their differences and characteristics.

The frequency of four Qi, five flavors, meridian tropism and function of 64 drugs in 44 prescriptions were analyzed by Microsoft Excel 2016. The results showed that: the main taste of traditional Chinese medicine used by Wang Xun in the treatment of dysentery was pungent medicine, followed by sweet medicine and bitter medicine. Among them, pungent medicine can disperse all kinds of evil Qi, sweet medicine can remedy deficiency, and bitter medicine can dry dampness. Most of the four Qi drugs are warm drugs, followed by cold drugs, among which the warm drugs are Doxin powder, and the cold drugs are bitter and astringent, which corresponds to the previous statistical drug taste. In the use of drugs, 64 drugs are mostly used for spleen, stomach and liver. The treatment of dysentery followed the ancient doctors' treatment mainly from the spleen and stomach, because dysentery was mostly caused by unclean diet, and the spleen and stomach were most easily injured. One of the characteristics of Wang Xun's treatment of dysentery is the use of guiganjing drugs. Because the liver dominates the catharsis, the drugs can regulate the Qi flow and restore the mediation of Zhongjiao, which is conducive to the cure of the disease. It can be seen in the main treatment of function that tonic drugs, followed by heat clearing drugs, blood activating and stasis removing drugs, Xiaoshi drugs, Wenli drugs, Qili drugs, Lishui and wetness promoting drugs. Wang Xun believed that the cause of dysentery was mainly due to the weakness of viscera and the decline of body function. Because of the deficiency of dysentery, tonic drugs are often used. The drugs for clearing heat, promoting blood circulation and removing stasis, and promoting water and dampness are the commonly used drugs for the treatment of severe diarrhea and blood abscess caused by damp heat dysentery; the drugs for warming inside the body are the drugs for the treatment of cold dysentery; the drugs for eliminating food and regulating Qi are the combination of the treatment of food accumulation and qi stagnation.

Based on the technical analysis of data mining, 22 kinds of highfrequency drugs used by Wang Xun in the treatment of dysentery were obtained. The top ten drugs were Cheqianzi, Danggui, liquorice, Muxiang, paeony, Fructus aurantii, areca, Poria cocos, Raphanus seed and rhubarb. Among them, Cheqianzi has the highest utilization rate of 27 times. In Shennong Materia Medica, it is a topgrade medicine. It also says: Cheqianzi is mainly used for Qi, pain, water and urination, and dampness [13]. Its function of "diuretic urination" has been extended in the clinical treatment of diarrhea and dysentery, "diuretic and solid stool" [14]. Pu Fuzhou, the late famous doctor, was good at using "defecation and defecation" to treat dysentery [15]. According to compendium of Materia Medica, Cheqianzi can stop heat, dampness and diarrhea [16]. There are 25 times of angelica, in addition to its function of invigorating blood and promoting blood circulation, now some studies have shown that it has obvious anti-inflammatory effect [17]. In Zhongjing's synopsis of the golden chamber, the famous prescription Danggui Shaoyao Powder is used to treat pregnant women's abdominal pain, taking this medicine as the king. In the treatment of dysentery, it can play the role of regulating blood and relieving pain. Among them, wood fragrance is used to invigorate the spleen and promote qi, licorice root is used to clear away heat and detoxify, and burn is used to supplement deficiency and harmonize various medicines as Wang's essential medicine to treat dysentery of cold, heat, deficiency and solid. Based on correlation analysis, 15 drug pair combinations were obtained. The frequency of Angelica → Cheqianzi, liquorice → Cheqianzi is the most, up to 25 times, the frequency of Fructus aurantii → Cheqianzi, Fructus aurantii → Danggui 20 times, areca → Cheqianzi 16 times, radish → Cheqianzi 11 times. It has the highest percentage of support in association analysis. And the highest confidence of semen Raphani → angelica, semen Raphani → Semen Plantaginis, Fructus aurantii → liquorice is 100%. Therefore, it can be concluded that the core drug pairs of Wang Xun in the treatment of dysentery are angelica and Cheqianzi.

Based on the method of data mining and cluster analysis, we can get four multi drug aggregation formulas. Formula 1 is composed of angelica, plantain, Raphanus seed, Fructus aurantii, white peony, liquorice, areca, red peony, and tangerine peel. It is an important component of Wang Xun's treatment of "spring March dysentery formula (Changgan Qingli Decoction)", in which Angelica can activate blood and replenish blood, plantain seed can benefit water and seep wet, and Raphanus seed can keep Qi Xiaoshi, qixiaoji of Fructus aurantii Immaturus, nourishing yin and softening liver of Paeonia alba, relieving pain, liquorice and other drugs, betel nut for water and malaria, Paeonia Alba for cooling blood and removing blood stasis, and tangerine peel for regulating qi and strengthening spleen. The combined use of various drugs can benefit water infiltration and detoxification, and promote qi and stagnation to eliminate accumulation. Fang 2 is composed of rhubarb, Fructus aurantii, Magnolia officinalis and Coptis chinensis. Among them, rhubarb purgative and detoxifying, Fructus aurantii purgative, Magnolia officinalis and Coptis purgative and heat clearing, dampness and fire purgative. It is not hard to see that it was Wang's addition of Xiaochengqi Decoction in Treatise on febrile diseases to Coptis. Xiaochengqi decoction can be used to treat: dysentery at the beginning, abdominal pain, fullness of abdominal distention, urgency and backwardness [18]. This prescription is for the treatment of damp heat dysentery from the beginning, abdominal pain in the emergency. Fang 3 is composed of Poria cocos, Atractylodes macrocephala, ginseng and liushenqu. This is the addition and subtraction of "Sijunzi Decoction". Sijunzi decoction is mainly used to treat deficiency of spleen and stomach qi, less food and loose stool. This prescription is used to treat dysentery by Wang Xun. Among them, ginseng is used to invigorate Qi and clear dysentery, Poria is used to moisten the spleen, Atractylodes macrocephala is used to dry dampness and diuresis, liushenqu is used to eliminate food and stomach, together with Qi and stomach, water is used to dry dampness and stop dysentery to treat Qi deficiency and sink together, and dysentery will not heal for a long time. Formula 4 is composed of prepared rehmannia, Cornus officinalis, dried ginger, woody fragrance and Evodia rutaecarpa. The use of prepared rehmannia and Fructus officinalis is separated from six kinds of Rehmannia pills, which is the product of Nourishing Yin, nourishing blood and tonifying deficiency. Both dried ginger and Evodia rutaecarpa are warm and hot products, of which Evodia rutaecarpa is longer than the cold of warm liver and stomach, soothing liver and regulating qi, dried ginger is longer than the warm and dispersing cold, and treating the cold of spleen and stomach. Combined with the treatment of "cold dysentery", the use of cooked land does not make the warm and hot too much damage Yin.

Based on data mining and analysis of Wang Xun's prescriptions and prescriptions in the treatment of dysentery for more than 30 years, it was found that Wang Xun was mainly guided by the theory of Huangdi's Internal Classic and treatise on Febrile and miscellaneous diseases, and paid attention to the regulation of spleen, stomach and liver functions. He mainly used tonic drugs and heat clearing drugs, and obtained 15 pairs of two drugs, 4 multi drug clustering groups and 8 two drug clustering groups. The law of drug use is worthy of clinical guidance It can also be compared with the characteristics of dysentery medication of other physicians.