索尔·普拉杰大学摩洛卡宿舍楼，北开普省，南非

2020-02-08王单单

世界建筑 2020年1期

（王单单译）

1 转角塔楼/Corner tower（摄影/Photo: Tristan McLaren）

索尔·普拉杰大学位于北开普省的金伯利，是南非后种族隔离时代两所新大学的其中一所。该大学被设计成开放式校园，融入了城市的肌理。因此，它也被视为“城市复兴催化剂”项目，打造了“城市即大学，大学即城市”这一概念。作为第一个管辖区内的首批建筑之一，该项目需要为大学的城市足迹制定规范，以迎合城市设计框架。

建筑师探索了叙事性设计：想象一群虚构使用者与新型多功能混合型大学构建的全新当代大学空间，将正式和非正式的社会空间整合进多功能型管辖区。

摩洛卡宿舍楼是一栋面朝城市公共广场的多功能建筑，与相邻的大楼一同环绕着内部私人庭院。该宿舍楼由3个不同的部分组成，均与该场所的建筑位置有关，代表了不同的功能。整座建筑包括174间客房、食堂、厨房、教学场地、学术办公室，而底层朝向广场的零售空间则位于柱廊后方。

北开普省有一片沙漠气候的干旱土地——夏季酷热、冬季严寒。受这种环境信息启发的建筑语言与该叙事性设计正是对这种恶劣环境的回应。

宿舍楼由一座与旧时采矿结构相呼应的门廊进入，入口处可通往一个开放式大型游廊空间。该游廊化身为超级元素，提供了面向内部庭院的阴凉空间，已被用作建筑的主要结构元素。它创造了一个大规模的深循环空间，相当于这个从入口门廊引出的外部空间将这栋大楼的两个组成部分划进内部庭院。这是一个溢出空间、流通空间，也是一个庭院空间。

阳光直接洒进游廊内，被一道动态的风力遮阳屏挡住；当太阳穿过庭院时，就呈现出不断变化的斑驳阴影；当起风时，屏上便泛起涟漪，形成一片动态的立面。□

（王单单译）

Sol Plaatje University, located in Kimberley in the Northern Cape is one of two new universities to be set up in post-Apartheid South Africa. The university has been designed as open campus integrated into the fabric of the town. It is seen as a catalytic urban regeneration project - the city itself becomes the university and the university the city. As one of the first buildings within the first precinct, this building needed to set the parametres for the urban footprint of the university in response to the urban design framework.

The Architects explored a design narrative that began by imagining the spaces of a new contemporary university space through a series of imagined users and new university hybrid typologies that contain a mix of uses, integrating both formal and informal social spaces into a multi-functional Precinct.

The Moroka Halls of Residence is a multipurpose building that faces onto an urban public square and together with the adjoining building wraps around private internal courtyards.

It consists of three distinct parts which relate to the placement of the building onto the site, and articulate different uses. The Building comprises a 174-room residence, a dining hall and kitchen, teaching venues, academic offices and ground floor retail space behind a colonnade onto the square.

The Northern Cape has a dry arid landscape with the desert climate of extremely hot summers and bitingly cold winter days. The design narrative wove together a building language inspired by informants within the landscape that responded to the environmental requirements of this harsh environment.

The building is entered through a portico echoing to the historic mining structures into an entrance that leads on a large open verandah space. The verandah becomes a super element that provides deep cool shaded space facing the internal courtyard and is used as the primary structuring element of the building. It provides a large scale deep circulation space at the scale of an outside room leading from the entrance portico separating the two components of the complex into the internal courtyard. This space is a spill out space, a circulation space and space from which to address the courtyard.

Direct sunlight onto the verandah is screened by a dynamic wind driven shading screen. The effect is a continually changing dappled coloured shadow as the sun moves across the courtyard. When the wind picks up the screen ripples creating a dynamic façade.□

项目信息/Credits and Data

功能/Programme: 174间学生公寓，餐厅和厨房，教学场所，学术办公室和面向广场的一楼零售空间/174-room student residence, dining hall and kitchen, teaching venues, academic offices and ground floor retail space facing the square

地点/Location: Sol Plaatje University, Kimberley, Northern Cape

建筑设计/Architects: Savage + Dodd Architects

2 正立面/Front façade（摄影/Photo: Tristan McLaren）

4 总平面/Site plan

5 首层平面/Ground floor plan

6 二层平面/First floor plan

7 三层平面/Second floor plan

8 柱廊/Portico（摄影/Photo: Tristan McLaren）

曹嘉明：该项目注重内外空间的交融，集生活、学习与工作在一组建筑之中，带来了便利。全天候的功能设置，符合大学的生活特征。其设计理念具有独到的社会性与开放性。

叶扬：这所大学的一个重要意义，代表着南非后种族隔离时代的高等教育。所以它尽可能地包容，尽可能地让所有人与所有功能融汇在一个大空间之中，建筑体现的是城市一般的大而全的概念。所在地特殊的环境与文脉，既对建筑的舒适性提出了要求，也为建筑师提供了地域建筑形式、色彩与图案。在该项目里，功能的多样性原本使其具有了丰富性，室内外空间在不同层互相渗透、穿插，不同朝向立面应用了不同透光度的材质，让建筑具有了复杂的层次。

Comments

CAO Jiaming: This project focused on the interaction and interface between the internal and external space. By bringing living, learning and working attributes into one group of architecture, this scheme has provided a lot of convenience. The building is open at all times which portrays the lifestyle of university. The entire concept embedded in the design established its unique social importance and openness. (Translated by Jue Chen)

YE Yang: The university has its importance in representing the higher education in the postracial segregation of South Africa. Therefore, it is as inclusive as possible, and as far as possible, all people and all programmes are integrated into this largescale space - the architecture suggests the idea of "all-in-one" as a city. The environment and context not only put forward a request of comfort for the architecture but also offer the vernacular references of colour, pattern, and architectural form from the local area. The innate variety of programmes of this project endows its richness. The external and internal spaces interpenetrate, and materials with different transmittance of light are applied to different façades, both of which give the building a complex hierarchy. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)