马尔蒂雷诺86号住宅，墨西哥城，墨西哥

建筑设计：弗里达·埃斯科韦多

1 外景/Exterior view

该项目的初衷源于对打破传统垂直住宅空间组织限制的渴望。设计旨在扩大、模糊并激活公共和私人、内部和外部之间的领域，从而为居民之间的相遇创造新的和更丰富的的可能性。

设计团队选择将住宅单元划分为两个独立的体量，这一决定受到“vecindad”的灵感启发。“vecindad”可追溯到20 世纪初，是墨西哥一种常见的工人阶级住房类型，家庭住宅位于户外私人走廊式露台的一侧或两侧。这些露台在熙攘的街道和家庭住宅之间作为过渡空间，并进一步充当着居民的聚集地。

设计团队并没有依靠阳台来为居民提供私人外部空间，取而代之地选择将住宅单元向内折叠，以形成一系列安静的半遮蔽露台，以更加模糊的方式协调室内外空间。

由此产生的单元集合体不再是普通意义上的公寓，还可以理解为多层“露台住宅”，它们彼此交织，以确保最佳的自然采光和私密性。因此，虽然在内部每间住宅都与相邻住宅区分隔，但建筑外部并非按部就班地反映内部情况，而是通过预制混凝土砌块建造的起伏的外立面将整个项目整合在一起。当光影在混凝土表皮上游移时将泛起波光涟漪，产生令人眩目的效果。□（徐紫仪 译）

项目信息/Credits and Data

地点/Location: Mexico City, Mexico

主持建筑师/Principal Architect: Frida Escobedo

设计团队/Design Team: Héctor Arce, Carlos Hernández,Valentina Merz. Javier Rocamonde, Antonio Zarco

结构设计/Structural Design: Carunti Ingenieria

施工/Construction: Ardantz

材料及结构/Material and Structure: 由Frida Escobedo 设计、Joben集团制造的混凝土屏和墙体+混凝土砌块/Concrete veils and walls + Concrete blocks, designed by Frida Escobedo and produced by Grupo Joben

建筑面积/Floor Area: 2405m2

设计时间/Design Period: 2016.06-2017.05

建造时间/Construction Period: 2017.05-2018.11

绘图/Drawings: Frida Escobedo

摄影/Photos: Rafael Gamo

From the outset, the design was informed by a desire to challenge the organisational limitations of the typical vertical housing block. The objective was to expand, to blur, to make more dynamic the realm between public and private, interior and exterior,thereby creating new and more diverse possibilities for encounter between residents.

We opted to divide the dwelling units between two separate volumes, a decision inspired by the"vecindad", a common working-class housing type in Mexico dating to the turn of the 20th century, in which family dwellings are arranged to be decorated with an open-air, private corridor-like patio on one or both sides. These patios serve as a transitional space between the bustling street and the family home, and further function as gathering places for residents.

Rather than relying on balconies to provide private exterior space for the residents, we instead opted to fold the housing units inward to form a series of quiet, sheltered terraces that mediate the interior and exterior in a more ambiguous way.

The resulting units can perhaps be better understood not merely as apartments, but as multistorey "patio houses", which are intertwined, a compositional exercise intended to ensure the best natural lighting and privacy. Each dwelling is therefore distinct from the next, but rather than articulate this condition on the exterior, the entire project is united by a façade of undulating, customfabricated concrete blocks. Light and shadow ripple as they move across the surface of this concrete veil,producing dazzling effects throughout the day. □

2 外景/Exterior view

3 首层平面/Ground floor plan

4 二层平面/First floor plan

7 露台平面/Terraces plan

5 三层平面/Second floor plan

8 剖面/Section

6 四层平面/Third floor plan

9.10 剖面/Sections

11 鸟瞰/Aerial view

12 夜景/Night view

评论

范路：在该住宅项目中，建筑体量被划分为两个独立的部分。这一做法受20世纪早期在墨西哥常见的“vecindad”住房类型的启发。但此处却做了空间形式上的反转式应用。在传统的“vecindad”中，住宅沿走廊式露台排布，外部露台是街道和家庭住宅之间的过渡，也是重要的公共交往空间。而在此项目中，住宅单元向内折叠，露台空间也变得更安静、更私密。因此，两个体块间街巷空间的轮廓变得十分平整，而掩盖内部不同功能的一致性砌块饰面处理，让外部空间更具纪念性，却少了日常生活的烟火气息。

路璐：这是一个开发商投放市场的高级住宅项目，共九户，一户为越4层户型，8户为越两层户型（建筑面积121.62m2户型售价180万人民币）。两个独立的体量均有坚实的墙体包裹，“闹中取静”，它们之间被抬高的“街道”巧妙地避让了两侧的视线。9户均有“街道”上的独立入口，上层的4户由3部独立的室外楼梯进入。与20世纪初墨西哥工人阶级住区类型“vecindad”的共生和共荣相对，这里只有21世纪墨西哥富裕阶级住区的隔离和疏离。

Comments

FAN Lu: In the residential project of Mar Tirreno 86, the building volume is divided into two separate parts. This arrangement is inspired by the "vecindad",a common working-class housing type in Mexico in early 20th century, but it is used here in an inversive way. In traditional "vecindad", family dwellings arranged along open-air, private corridor-like patios which serve as transitional space between the bustling street and family home, and further function as gathering places for residents. While in this project, the housing units are folded inward to form a series of quiet, sheltered terraces. Then the surface of the alley space between two volumes becomes quite smooth and is cladded with concrete blocks in a uniform way, which endows the external public space with a kind of monumentality and deprives it of some lively everydayness.

LU Lu: This is a high-grade housing project put into market by real estate developer, which consists of nine households: one as a four-floor unit and the other eight as two-floor units (in a floor area of 121.62 m2and at a price of 1.8 million RMB). Separated from each other, the two parts both are covered by solid wall and acquire quietness in a noisy neighborhood. The elevated "street"between the two parts skillfully avoids sight lines from both sides. All nine households are equipped with independent entrances toward the "street,"and the four households at upper level are connected with the street via three independent outdoor stairs. In contrast to the co-existence and common prosperity advocated by "vecindad" that is a residential area type for the working class of Mexico in the early 20th century, here is one separated and isolated residential area for the well-off class of Mexico in the 21st century.(Translated by QIAN Fang)

13 局部/Detailed view

14 外景/Exterior view