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Module 10 Units 1-2 单元点拨

2019-12-06吴涛

中学课程辅导·高考版 2019年11期
关键词:动名词真题考题

Module 10 Unit 1

1. lead to

【点拨】 lead to(介词)意为“导致,引起”,后可接名词,也可接动名词。如:His remarks are likely to lead to confusion. 他的话可能会造成混乱。

【拓展】 lead to还可表示“通向”,后接地点名词。如:All roads lead to Rome. 条条大路通罗马。与短语lead to意为“导致,引起”同义的词及短语:cause; bring about; result in。

Smoking may cause lung cancer. 吸烟可导致肺癌。

What brought about the quarrel? 这场争吵是怎样引起的?

The bad weather resulted in traffic jam. 恶劣的天气导致了交通堵塞。

【考题链接】 With the kindhearted boy the way, we had no to trouble the way to the zoo.

A. leading; finding; leading

B. to lead; found; to lead

C. led; finding; led

D. leading; found; led

参考答案:A。

2. intend sb. to do sth.

【点拨】 intend sb. to do sth. 打算让某人做某事

I intend you to take over. 我打算让你来接管。

【拓展】 1) intend常见用法:intend to do sth. 打算做某事;intend that... 打算……;intend sth. for sb. (as sth.) 是为……而设计/安排

What do you intend to do this weekend? 这个周末你打算干什么?

We intend that the reform should be carried within the year. 我们打算在年内进行这项改革。

2) intend 用过去完成时或intend后接动词不定式的完成式表示一个过去打算做而实际未做的愿望或打算:had intended to do sth. / intended to have done sth.

I had intended to come last night, but something stopped me.=I intended to have come last night, but something stopped me.昨晚我本打算来的,但有事未成。

【考题链接】 My father my brother for driving but he wanted to pick knowledge of the computer during his spare time.

A. advised; up B. persuaded; out

C. intended; up D. managed; out

参考答案:C。

3. In fact, hunger is the worlds number one health risk, killing more people than any disease. (P2,L13) 事实上,饥饿是全球头号健康威胁,致死的人比任何疾病都要多。

【点拨】 此句中killing到句末是现在分词短语作结果状语,相当于一个并列句。

His father died, leaving him lots of debts.=His father died and left him lots of debts.他父親去世了,给他留下了许多债务。

【拓展】 现在分词(短语)作状语,表示自然而然的结果;不定式与only / never等构成不定式短语作结果状语,常表示出乎意料的情况。

She hurried to the railway station, only to find that the train had already left.她匆忙赶到火车站,结果发现火车已经开走了。

【高考真题回放】 Around 13500 new jobs were created during the period, the expected number of 12000 held by market analysts. (2018江苏26)

A. having exceeded B. to exceed

C. exceeded D. exceeding

【解析】 D。句意:在此期间创造了大约13500个就业机会,结果超出了市场分析师估计的12000个就业机会。

4. wrestle

【点拨】 wrestle vi. & vt. 摔跤;努力对付或解决 n. 摔跤,角力;斗争,搏斗

【拓展】 wrestle with sb. 与某人摔跤/扭打;wrestle with sth. 努力对付或解决(难题或困难等);wrestle to do sth. 努力做某事

In the past ten years, she has wrestled with difficulties. 在过去十年里,她一直与困难作斗争。

He wrestled to raise money for the victims of hunger in Ethiopia. 他想方设法为埃塞俄比亚饥荒受难者募集资金。

【高考真题回放】 He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause.(2016江苏卷25)

A. approach B. wrestle

C. compromise D. communicate

【解析】 C。该题考查动词辨析。approach靠近,接近;wrestle摔跤,斗争,努力解决;compromise妥协,和解,让步;communicate交流;根据句意可知C项正确。

5. beyond doubt

【点拨】 beyond doubt 毫无疑问;无需置疑=without doubt;doubtless 无疑的

Beyond doubt, she is the cleverest student in the class. 她无疑是全班最聪明的学生。

Its beyond doubt that we can overcome all these difficulties. 毫无疑问,我们能战胜所有这些困难。

【拓展】 1) beyond作介词用时,常用于下列几种情况:

① 意为“在……的那一边;在……之外;在更远处”。如:The Yellow River is beyond that hill. 黄河在山的那边。

② 意为“迟于;超过”某时间。如:Some shops keep open beyond midnight. 有些商店营业到半夜以后。

③ 意为“超出;多于;为……所不能及”某范围、水平、限度、能力等。如:Nanjing is very beautiful beyond my description.南京很美,我无法形容。

④ 意为“除……之外”,用在否定句和疑问句中。如:I know nothing of it beyond what he told.除了他告诉我的以外,别的我都不知道。

⑤ 意为“超过”某年龄或数量。如:She didnt believe in people living beyond 100. 她不相信人能活到100岁以上。

2) doubt可用作名词和动词

① 用作名词,在肯定句中后接whether从句,在否定句中或疑问句后接that从句。

There is some doubt whether he will help us. 他是否会帮助我们还有些疑虑。

② without doubt 毫无疑问,的确

③ 用作动词,在肯定句中,其后通常接whether / if引导的宾语从句;在否定句或疑问句中通常用that引导宾语从句。

We dont doubt that he can do a good job. 我们并不怀疑他能把这事干的很好。

I doubt if / whether it is true. 我看这未必是事实。

④ 常用于句型:There is no / little doubt that...毫无疑问……。

There is no doubt that well help Africa. 毫无疑问,我们会帮助非洲。

【高考真题回放】 There is little doubt in your mind that he is innocent,?

A. is there B. isnt there

C. is he D. isnt he

【解析】 A。因为前面there be 句子中含有否定意义的词little,所以反義疑问句用肯定形式;there be句型反义疑问句部分仍然用there be结构。

6. solution

【点拨】 solution n. 解决方法,如:the solution to...解决问题的方法

【拓展】 “解决方法”的其他表达法:the way to solve the problem;the way of solving the problem; the approach to solving the problem

【高考真题回放】 The school advisers help you talk through our problem, but they dont give you any direct. (2010浙江卷)

A. solution B. target

C. measure D. function

【解析】 A。句意:学校顾问帮助你分析问题,但是他们不会给你直接的解决方法。solution解决方法;target目标;measure措施;function功能,作用。

7. There is a saying that goes, “Give a man a fish, and you feed him for a day. Teach a man to fish, and you feed him for the rest of his life.”(P3,L31)有句俗话是这样说的:“授人以鱼,三餐之需;授人以渔,终身之用。”

【点拨】 引号中两句用了很有用的句型。

句型1:“祈使句+and / then + 简单句(常用一般将来时)”。该句型以祈使句来表条件,相当于if引导的条件状语从句,而and / then后接简单句用以表其结果。如:Study hard and youll make progress. = If you study hard, youll make progress.

句型2:“祈使句 + or + 簡单句(常用一般将来时)”,祈使句表条件(祈使句相当于否定的if条件句),or后的简单句常表示如果不按照前面祈使句所要求的去做,就会有不好的结果。如:Hurry up,or youll be late.快一点,否则你会迟到的。= If you dont hurry up,youll be late.

【拓展】 有时,表条件的祈使句还可用名词短语来替换。

One more effort, youll get the work finished. 再努力一下,你就能把这项工作做完。

【高考真题回放】me tomorrow and Ill let you know the lab result. (2014广州33)

A. Calling B. Call

C. To call D. Having called

【解析】 B。该题考查句型“祈使句 + and / then + 简单句(常用一般将来时)”。句意:明天给我打电话,我会告诉你实验的结果。此句是祈使句,故用动词原形,选B。

8. set

【点拨】 set vt. 使某人做或处于某种状态

1) 跟带现在分词的复合结构。如:

With these words, he set all of us laughing. 他这话把我们都逗笑了。

2) 跟带形容词的复合结构。如:Well soon set that right. 这一点我们很快就要纠正。

3) 跟带介词短语的复合结构。如:Now you can set your mind at ease. 现在你可以放心了。

4) 跟带不定式的复合结构。如:

After that she set herself to collect stamps. 从那以后她开始收集邮票。

【拓展】 常用短语:set about doing sth. = set out to do sth. 开始做某事;set aside把……放到一边,省出,留出;set back拨回,耽搁,花费;set down放下,写下;set off动身,引起,引爆;set out出发;set up搭起,建立;be set in以……为背景;set foot on踏上

【高考真题回放】 Mary was silent during the early part of the discussion but finally she her opinion on the subject.(2016天津8)

A. gave voice to B. kept an eye on

C. turned a deaf ear of D. set foot on

【解析】 A。句意:玛丽在讨论的前一部分是沉默的,但是最后她说出自己对这个话题的观点。A. 将……说出,透露,表明;B. 注意,照看;C. 对……充耳不闻;D. 踏上。根据语境,故选A。

9. on top of

【点拨】 短语on top of意思是“除……之外”,同意表达法:besides(包含的除外);in addition to(包含的除外);except(不包含的除外);后常接this / that,(this / that代替前面所提到的不愉快的事)。

He writes for the magazine on top of his regular job. 他除了日常工作外,还为杂志写稿。

【拓展】 be / feel on top of the world 非常高兴、愉快或自豪

The fresh air made me feel on top of the world. 新鲜空气使我觉得十分舒服。

【考题链接】  We missed our train, and, the next train was delayed, we had to wait for two hours.

A. on top of that; so

B. as a result; then

C. what was worse; however

D. because; therefore

参考答案:A。

10. contribute to

【点拨】 短语contribute to 有助于;促使;对某事起促成作用

Various factors contributed to his downfall. 各种因素导致了他的倒台。

【拓展】 contribute 还有如下意思:

1) 捐献;捐助;出一份钱;出一份力,如:Many people contributed money to the building of the new school. 许多人都为新校的建设捐钱。

2) 投稿,如:Dont contribute after the closing date. 请在截止日期前投稿。

【考题链接】 The he got in the war his early death.

A. wounds; leads to

B. wounds; contribute to

C. injuries; lead to

D. injuries; contributes to

參考答案:B。

Module 10 Unit 2

1. pension

【点拨】 pension n. 养老金,抚恤金

retire on a pension领取养老金退休

【拓展】 pension v. 给予……抚恤金或养老金等

pension sb. off 发给某人养老金使其退休

pensioner n. 领取抚恤金者

【高考真题回放】 Nowadays the for traveling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.(2019江苏26)

A. priority B. potential

C. proportion D. pension

【解析】 A。句意:现在旅行的重点从购物转移到食物和风景。priority(增补词汇)优先事项,最重要的事;potential(M7U2)可能性,潜力;proportion(增补词汇)部分,比例,均衡;pension(M10U2)养老金,抚恤金,根据句意,选A。

2. flexible

【点拨】 flexible adj. 灵活的;可变通的

flexible strategy灵活的策略

flexible working hours弹性工作时间

【拓展】 flexibly adv. flexibility n. 灵活性

【高考真题回放】 Unlike traditional gyms, appbacked gyms offer people options to exercise. (2019江苏28)

A. casual B. regular

C. flexible D. tight

【解析】 C。句意:与传统健身房不同,app支持的健身房为人们提供灵活的锻炼选择。casual 漫不经心的,不经意的;regular 经常的,定期的;flexible 有弹性的;tight 严密的,紧的。根据句意选C。

3. on the move

【点拨】 短语on the move意为“在行进中,在移动中”。

Dont get off the bus when its on the move. 公交车未停稳时不要下车。

An elephant group is on the move in the National Park. 在国家公园里一群大象在活动着。

【拓展】 短语on the move: 1) 忙碌的,活跃的;2) 进行,在发展

Hes always on the move and has no time to rest. 他总是忙个不停,没时间休息。

He seems to be on the move all day long. 他似乎一天到晚忙忙碌碌。

As is known to all, China is on the move. 众所周知,中国正在发展中。

【考题链接】 What mobile phones will look like in a year or two is easy to guess—they will be slimmer and probably will let you watch television.

A. in the distance B. on the move

C. on the way D. on the mend

参考答案:B。

4. permanent

【点拨】 permanent adj. 永久的,持久的,如:a permanent force常备军;a permanent committee常设委员会;a permanent magnet永久磁铁

I need a permanent job. 我需要一份固定工作。

Mary seems to have a permanent smile on her face. 玛丽脸上好像永远挂着笑容。

【拓展】 permanently adv. permanence n. 永久(性),持久(性),永恒性

【高考真题回放】 In this article, you need to back up general statements with examples.(2016浙江16)

A. specific B. permanent

C. abstract D. universal

【解析】 A。句意:在文章中,你需要用具体的例子来支持总的观点。A. 具体的,明确的;B. 永久的;C. 抽象的;D. 全球的,共通的。故选A。

5. though

【点拨】 though adv. 常用于句末或置于句中(要用逗号与句子隔开)作补充说明,以及一种附加或修正,意为“可是、然而,不过;话虽这样说”(注意:作副词时,不可放在句首)。

Ive a bit of a cold. Its nothing much, though. 我有点感冒,不过并不严重。

【拓展】 though最常見的为从属连词,意为“尽管,虽然,即使”,等于although,主句前不能再用but。

The article is very important though it is short. 那篇文章虽短,但很重要。

【高考真题回放】 If you dont understand something, you may research, study, and talk to other people you figure it out.(2017北京28)

A. because B. though

C. until D. since

【解析】 C。句意:如果你无法理解某个东西,你可能会研究,学习和他人探讨直到你解决为止。根据句意可知选C。

6. cater to

【点拨】 cater to 迎合;为……服务

We are going to cater to your every desire. 对于你,我们会有求必应的。

【拓展】 cater for sb. / sth. 为……提供服务;满足……的要求

He set up a company that caters more for the elderly. 他建立了一个为老年人提供更多服务的公司。

【高考真题回放】  The university started some new language programs to the countrys Silk Road Economic Belt.(2015江苏27)

A. apply to B. cater for

C. appeal to D. hunt for

【解析】 B。句意:这所大学启动了一项新的语言项目,为国家丝绸之路经济带提供服务。A. 向……申请,适用于……;B. 迎合,满足……的需要,为……提供服务;C. 对……有吸引力,呼吁;D. 猎取,寻找。故选B。

7. accountant

【点拨】 accountant n. 会计,会计师;accountancy n. 会计工作

【拓展】 account vt. 说明,解释,报告;n. 解释,说明,账户;叙述,报道。常用短语:account for解释,说明是……原因;on account of因为,由于;take... into account对……加以考虑;in account with与……有账务往来;open a bank account开银行账户

【高考真题回放】 It is said that body language 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. (2015福建25)

A. lies in B. accounts for

C. consists of D. goes with

【解析】 B。该句意思为:据说身体语言占了第一印象的百分之五十五,而你所说的话只占百分之七。A. lies in 在于;B. accounts for说明、引起;C. consists of包括;D. goes with相伴。故选B。

8. face

【点拨】 face v. 面对;面向,后面接人或表示困难、形势、问题等的抽象名词作宾语;vi. 多用来指房屋的朝向。

The two candidates will face a fight in the coming election.在即将到来的选举中,两位候选人将面临一场恶战。

Most houses face south.大多数房子朝南。

n. 脸,面孔;面貌,表情,如:a smiling face笑脸;with a smile on ones face面带笑容地

【拓展】 由face构成的常用短语:hide ones face from不理睬;in face of day在光天化日之下;face up to勇敢地对付;be faced with面对,面临;in (the) face of面对;在……面前;face to face面对面(作状语用);facetoface面对面(作定语用);look sb. in the face直视某人;make a face或者make faces做鬼脸

【考题链接】, the students remain optimistic and try hard to achieve their goals.

A. As they are faced with fierce pressure

B. Fierce pressure that they are faced with

C. Fierce as they are faced with pressure

D. Faced with fierce pressure as they are

参考答案:D。

9. rob

【点拨】 rob v. 抢劫;掠夺;非法剥夺;使丧失,其宾语常为被抢劫的对象。要表达“抢劫某人某物”,用短语rob sb. of sth.。

The old lady was robbed of all her money. 老太太被抢去所有钱。

The shock robbed him of speech. 他震驚得说不出话来。

【拓展】 rob, cheat和steal辨析:rob sb. of sth. 抢劫某人的东西;cheat sb.(out)of sth. 骗某人的东西;cheat sb. into sth. / doing 骗某人做某事;steal sth. from sb. 从某人处偷走某物

He cheated me out of all my possessions. 他骗走了我所有财物。

Someone stole my cellphone from my bag. 有人从包里偷走了我的手机。

【考题链接】 Jane told the policeman that her gold necklace.

A. was stolen of

B. was robbed from

C. had been stolen from

D. had been robbed of

参考答案:D。

10. This collision of cultures between Europeans and the Romany led to many nations taking actions against them, even banning Romany groups from entering.(P31,L39) 欧洲人和罗姆人的这一文化冲突导致许多国家都采取措施抵制他们,甚至禁止罗姆族群入境。

【点拨】 many nations taking actions against them 为动名词复合结构,many nations 为taking actions against them 的动作执行者。在动名词前面加上物主代词或名词所有格,作为动名词所表示的动作的执行者,这种形式称为“动名词的复合结构”,在句子中多做主语或宾语。

Marys laughing made him angry. 玛丽的嘲笑使他生气。

Do you mind my opening the door? 你介意我把门打开吗?

【拓展】 在现代英语中,动名词复合结构在做宾语时,可用人称代词宾格代替物主代词,用名词通格代替名词所有格。

He was awakened by someone knocking at the door.有人敲门,他醒了。

There is no need for that being done. 没有必要做那件事。

【考题链接】 1) I would appreciate back this afternoon.

A. you to call B. you call

C. your calling D. youre calling

2) I can imagine Peter across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.

A. sail B. to sail

C. sailing D. to have sailed

参考答案:1) C; 2) C。

11. The topic of the Romany will continue to be controversial, and the peace between them and many Europeans is tentative at best.(P31,L54)有关罗姆人的话题将会继续引发争议,罗姆人和大多数欧洲人之间的和平充其量只是暂时的。

【点拨】 1) controversial adj. 有争议的,引发争议的,如:a highly controversial subject / figure / speech颇有争议的题目/人物/演说;controversy n.争论,辩论

2) at best 至多;充其量,如:He is at best a secondrate writer. 他充其量是个二流作家。

【高考真题回放】 We offer an excellent education to our students., we expect students to work hard.(2017天津13)

A. On average B. At best

C. In return D. After all

【解析】 C。句意:我们给我们的学生们提供极好的教育,作为回报,我们期待我们的学生们努力学习。A. 平均起来,一般说来;B. 最多,充其量;C. 作为回报;D. 毕竟,终究。根据句意选C。

(作者:吴涛,南京市第三高级中学)

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中考英语真题演练(一)
高考真题训练之化学反应原理
一道考题的多解
聚焦绝对值不等式热点考题
交变电流高考真题赏析
初中英语动名词的用法
英语中“动词+ing”的语法功能