论雅思口语的采分点
2019-10-21鲁美秀子
鲁美秀子
摘要:雅思已经成为许多出国留学人士必过的关卡,不同的大学、不同的专业,有其各自对应的雅思分数要求。对大多数中国考生来说,雅思口语无疑是一个“大难题”,因为中国的应试教育,对口语的考察度并不够;根据雅思官方发布的数据显示,中国雅思考生的口语成绩平均分只有五分,因此,为了帮助大多数的考生摆脱练习雅思口语的瓶颈,将以雅思题库中的相关例题,作为案例进行剖析,深入阐述其得分要点。
关键词:雅思口语;采分点;例题分析
雅思口语主要把以下几个方面作为其考察重点:流利度、连贯性、词汇量、多样性、准确度、语音。
第一,在雅思口语考试中,除了willingness to speak at length,必须尽可能自然地使用a wide range of connectives,由于许多雅思考生在参加考试的时候,自认为流利度和连贯性都不错,以为会有较高的分数,但是结果出来的时候,往往让人大失所望。究其原因,考生口中的流利度与连贯性达标,只是我们中式思维的达标,中国大多数的考生只会运用极其基本的连接词如:and, but, because, so,用不同的连接词将语意进行有效的衔接并没有错,但是我们最容易忽略的就是自然地、恰当地使用语气词、语篇标记做衔接,就是指考生给出一个信号,而考官就能预测接下来的谈话内容,比如:well, you know ac tually I was going to say …/ so basically this means… / it is no exaggeration to say that … / to be hone st, 而这些词并不是真正意义上的坦白,只是一个信号让考官能够感受你对语言的驾驭能力,而不是生搬硬套地将那些connective words 连接在一起。这些词就像是工具上的“螺丝钉”,拧紧了(用好了)便可得到预期效果。
第二,在雅思口语考试中,词汇也很重要。所以建议考生平时练习口语话题时,遇到模棱两可的词一定要去查英文词典的英文释义,大多数中国考生为了节约时间、图方便,将中文释义与英文单词对照背诵,结果就是说出的话,像是两个本来不想干的东西拼凑到一起,这也就是所谓的Chinglish(中式英语)。对于中式英语,只有中国人自己能探寻到其真正的语意,国外的考官难听懂,即便听懂了,也不会给考生太高的band。及时解决掉单词理解问题,也不要故意使用高难度词汇,雅思考试是为了出国生活、学习做准备的考试,考官不会喜欢在日常生活中炫耀词汇量的人,他们会认为这种行为ridiculous。除此之外,还有一个非常重要的评分标准---paraphrase,需要考生具备能力将自己所说的话以另一种方式解释出来,也就是我们常说的同意替换。
第三,学会简单句与复杂句并用。考生若想在语法维度拿到7分,就需要70%以上的口语表达都用复杂句表述出来,而且结构要多样。比如:“I used to … in the past but no w I…”这样不仅可以为自己创造更多地思考时间,还可以满足时态的多样性,可谓是一举两得。
最后,发音也是一个非常重要的环节,不可小觑。如果考生从头至尾都是在不变换的语音语调回答问题、与考官交谈,会使考官觉得考生在背诵答案;而答案背诵地再流利,也只能是5.5分。另外,句子的中心以及意群的划分,都必须体现出来,因为这些都是一名语言学习者应该具备的基本功。
提供以下例析作为参考:
1.Vegetables and Fruits
What kind of fruit do you like?
Did you like to eat fruit when you were a child?
Is it important to eat fruit?
回答一:Watermelon is a type of fruit with abundant nutrition. Therefore, I have been accustomed to eat watermelon once a week. When I was a child, my mother often bought the watermelon for me. Thats why I like it very much. Moreover, the habit of eating fruits has been wildly accepted by people especially after the peoples living standards are improved.
回答二:I like watermelon. I like it when I was a child. It is important to eat fruit.
上述兩种不同的回答方式作为对照,读者可以对比一下其中的差别,我们不难发现,回答一更胜一筹的原因。可能有些读者认为,回答一的长度更长,占用的时间更多,会使考官觉得自己很有驾驭语言的能力。但是回答一真正的优势在于回答所有问题的同时还能够扩充自己的回答,以另一种非常连贯的方式表达了自己的观点,在这种情况下,考生再搭配自身的语音优势,会获得比较满意的分数。
2.Time Management
How do you organize your time?
Do you think young people organize their time in the same way?
Are you ever late for anything?
What excuses do you use when you late?
Do you like it when others are late?
回答一:I organize my time according to different situations. When I am studying, I will give priority to all tasks instead of being distracted from studying like playing computer games to decline my efficiency. In contrast, if I go shopping with my friends, I would like to pour all of my energy on shopping. Of course, I am unlikely to be influenced by work. In my opinion, it is a good principle for me to adhere to.
As for the young, they are more energetic and vigorous. They are more likely to create new ways to save time or utilize time, such as while cleaning the room, they are capable of listening to the latest news.
I have definitely been late for a date with my friends. As my teacher told me to buy some chalks for her, even though it was time to go home, I have to change my ideas temperately. After I got to the restaurant, I was willing to tell the truth to my friend. I will not lie to my friend just for avoiding my mistakes.
If anyone definitely has some emergency, I am pleased to accept and wait for him or her for a longer time. However, if they are deliberate, I will not waste my time, so it depends on different situations.
回答二:I get up early to have breakfast and study. During the day, I would like communicate with my teachers to talk about something I do not understand. Young people cannot organize very well, because they do not aware of the importance of time. I do not late for anything.
回答一和回答二的區别在于回答一更注重语篇整体的把握,不是为了回答问题而回答问题,我们会发现回答一的逻辑更清晰。而回答二只是对问题进行了“是”与“不是”的回答,而且时间跨度也不够,并不能让人焕然一新。
因此,考生在准备雅思口语考试时,要严格遵守上述的几个原则,再加以时日地练习和巩固,会取得不错的成绩。