be-MINE：贝灵恩的后矿业设计，林堡省，比利时

2019-10-17杰伦海斯曼斯TextbyJeroenHuysmans

世界建筑 2019年9期

杰伦·海斯曼斯文/Text by Jeroen Huysmans

尚晋译/Translated by SHANG Jin

be-MINE 项目将比利时贝灵恩市原有的硬煤矿进行了再利用。其现有的保护建筑面积达10hm2，是佛兰德地区工业遗产荟萃之地。这里的采煤业始于1922 年，鼎盛时期雇有6796 名矿工，1987 年关闭。时至今日，这里的特色是已被列为遗迹的高大雄伟的建筑：两座矿坑、一座洗煤厂和发电厂。尽管每座建筑都面对着承载新功能的挑战，但历史的遗产为其增添了价值，并构成了be-MINE 项目独一无二的卖点。

在煤矿关闭后，遗址衰败了20 余年。除了志愿者（原先的煤矿工人）开办的一座小博物馆之外，遗址凄凄切切、与世隔绝，成为该地区后矿业复兴失败的象征。2009 年，发展商LRM 公司、Ciril公司、Van Roey 房地产公司通过一个PPP 项目发起行动，与贝灵恩市和林堡省紧密合作，启动了这个复兴项目。

今天，这些建筑和开放空间获得了新的生命。原来40hm2的煤矿与贝灵恩的城市肌理通过旧工业建筑内外的居住区（5hm2）、购物区（1.8hm2，2016 年度购物区类获奖项目，比利时卢森堡购物中心委员会）、学校及全天候多日娱乐区（5hm2）的均衡混合重新连接起来。该娱乐区包括一个室内跳水和攀岩中心、游泳池、山地车道、地方遗产体验线路、旅游办事处、冒险游乐场以及原先“废料堆”上的地标建筑。后者是2016年世界最佳景观项目（世界景观建筑奖，WLA）。不久之后还会建造一座酒店及大量餐饮设施。2017 年，be-MINE 荣获国际房地产职业人市场（MIPIM）“最佳城市再生项目”奖。总规划由UAU Collectiv 负责；每个子项目都是设计竞赛的一个主题，并由不同的建筑师实施。

be-MINE 项目为城市和地区带来了多种益处。它有助于通过再利用保护工业遗产、为周边地区带来服务和基础设施提升，并容纳在ELA 三角区（埃因霍芬、鲁汶和亚琛）中心的贝灵恩不断增长的人口。be-MINE 项目将提供多达400 个新住宅单元，并创造了300 个工作岗位，未来预计总数将达到500 个岗位。be-MINE 项目显著促进了城市的经济结构调整——这座城市在矿业衰落之后，失业率曾长期高于佛兰德地区的平均值，直到最近才有所改善。最后，很重要的一点是，该项目推动了正在发展中的地区娱乐经济。林堡省拥有多个国家公园和一条连接7 座矿业遗址、人称“运煤铁道”的高质量自行车网络——而be-MINE 项目是其中一颗闪亮的明珠。□

1 全景/Overall view（图片来源/Sources: Easycopters）

2 鸟瞰/Aerial view（图片来源/Sources: Easycopters）

3 设计转型前/Before designing transformation

4 设计转型意向/Designing transformation image（绘图/Rendering: UAU Collectiv）

5-7 be-MINE的自行车活动/Cycling in be-MINE

The be-MINE project redevelops a former colliery of hard coal mining in the city of Beringen,Belgium. Containing 10hm2of existing listed floor surface, it is by far the biggest concentration of industrial heritage in Flanders. Mining started here in 1922, employed 6,796 miners in its heydays and closed down in 1987. Till today, the site is characterised by its monumental and majestic buildings listed as monuments: two pitheads, a coal washery and power plant. Even though each building constitutes a challenge to house new functions, the historic legacies add value and make-up the unique selling point of the be-MINE project.

After the colliery's closure, the site was falling apart for more than two decades. Besides a small museum ran by volunteers (former coal mining workers), the site was desolate and isolated, being a symbol for the failure of post-mining revitalisation in the region. In 2009, the developers LRM NV,Ciril NV, Van Roey Vastgoed NV, took initiative throughout a PPP-project in close cooperation with the city of Beringen and the Province of Limburg,and launched the project of revitalisation.

Today, the buildings and open spaces obtain new life. The 40hm2of the former colliery are reconnected to the urban fabric of Beringen through a balanced mix of residential developments (5hm2),a retail park (1.8hm2, winner 2016 of the category Retail Parks, Belgian Luxembourg Council of Retail and Shopping Centres), a school and a multiday all-weather leisure offer (5hm2), in and around the former industrial buildings. The latter consists of an indoor diving and climbing centre, a swimming pool, a mountain bike trail, a provincial heritage experience route, a tourism office, an adventurous play-scape and landmark on the former "terril".The latter was awarded as the best landscape project of the world in 2016 (the World Landscape Architecture Award, WLA). Soon, there will be also a hotel and extensive F&B facilities. In 2017, be-MINE has won the MIPIM (Le marché international des professionnels de l’immobilier ) award for the category of "best urban regeneration project". The head master planner are "UAU Collectiv"; every sub-project was topic of design competitions and realised by different architects.

The be-MINE project offer multiple benefits to the city and the region. It helps protecting the industrial heritage by re-developments, improves the services and infrastructure for the immediate surroundings and houses the growing population,which moves to Beringen as the middle of the ELA triangle (Eindhoven, Leuven, and Aachen).The be-MINE project will provide up to 400 new residential entities. Moreover, with 300 jobs realised and a total estimate of 500 jobs in the future, be-MINE significantly contributes to the economic restructuring of the city - a city, where after mining the unemployment rate were always higher than in the average of Flanders until recently. Finally yet importantly, the project contributes to the developing leisure economy of the region. The province of Limburg contains several natural parks and a high-quality cycling network connecting seven former mining sites as the so-called "Kolenspoor" -and be-MINE is a valuable part of that. □

8-10 be-MINE的娱乐设施/Entertainments in be-MINE（8.9图片来源/Sources: Sportoase be-MINE Beringen，10图片来源/Sources: TODI Diving Centre）

11 地图/Map

12 室内攀岩中心/Indoor climbing centre（图片来源/Sources:Alpamayo Climbing Centre）

项目信息/Credits and Data

开发公司/Development Company: Company Submitting the Entry be-MINE NV

开发商投资方/Developer-shareholders: LRM NV, Ciril NV,Van Roey Vastgoed NV

主要政府投资方 /Major Government Stakeholders: City of Beringen, Province of Limburg

建筑与总体规划者/Architect-Masterplanner: UAU Collectiv

施工时间/Construction Date: 2009.01.01

项目交付时间/Project Delivery Date: 5年内/Less than 5 years

总建筑面积/Gross Floor Area: 118,000m2

用地面积/Land Area: 400,000m2

贺龙：娱乐功能的注入，是成全be-MINE项目二次复兴的关键因素。这种成功不仅仅表现在业态上的理性补充或者商业上的吸金亮点，更为可贵的是，娱乐功能的注入，彻底地激活了项目的空间魅力和景观活力。娱乐项目在加强园区内建筑空间对话的同时，也完成了园区与北侧土丘的景观互动。这种功能与形式的默契，让人很难猜想到当初的设计逻辑：到底是功能诱发了形式，还是形式唤醒了功能？

张杰：将废矿坑转变成别致的景观已成为现代工业遗迹改造利用的典型模式之一，贝灵恩市老煤矿的改造可以说把这一做法推向了极致。这一改造项目不但将废弃的矿场改造成了独特的景观，还利用地形巧妙地布置了多样的娱乐功能，使工业废地“景观”呈现出极具活力的景象。如果说原始的“废料场”容易成为警匪片的格斗地点的话，那么改造后的贝灵恩市老煤矿“废料堆”则为都市的人们开辟了一个独特的冒险游乐园。

Comments

HE Long: The introduction of the entertainment function serves as the critical factor for the revitalisation of the be-MINE project. Its success does not merely lie in the rational supplement to the industrial models or the profit it brings, but also thanks to the introduction of the entertainment function that helps to completely activate the glamour of the space and the vitality of the landscape (which is more valuable). While the entertainment strengthens the dialogue between the architectural space in the park, it completes the interaction between the park and the northern earth mound at the same time. The tacit understanding of the form and function renders the guess of the original design logic difficult: Whether the form was induced by the function, or did the form rouse the function? (Translated by Dandan Wang)

ZHANG Jie: The transformation of waste pit into unique landscape has become one of the paradigms of modern industrial relic reconstruction and utilisation, and be-MINE has arguably pushed this method to the extreme.This renovation project not only transforms the abandoned colliery into a unique landscape, but also makes use of the terrain cleverly by arranging a variety of entertainment functions, making the "landscape" of industrial waste land a very dynamic scene. If the former "scrapyard" is an easy fight spot for cop movies, the converted "scrapheap" at Beringen's colliery offers a unique adventure amusement park for city dwellers. (Translated by PANG Lingbo)