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关于长大隧道通风排污优化控制仿真设计

2019-10-14黄艳国房罡李向邯陈超张硕

现代电子技术 2019年19期
关键词:优化控制模糊控制节能

黄艳国 房罡 李向邯 陈超 张硕

摘  要: 在长大隧道通风排污优化控制系统中,由于受到隧道内车流量改变以及外界环境变化的影响,传统采用的固定论域的模糊控制方法往往无法有效地降低污染物浓度,还极易造成通风风机的不必要浪费。为解决上述问题,提出一种基于粒子群优化算法的变论域模糊控制策略,通过建立隧道内通风风量的数学模型,分析通风排污过程中控制目标的性能指标,利用粒子群优化算法在线对伸缩因子进行寻优,以此动态调整模糊控制器输入、输出量的论域,从而改善隧道环境参数。搭建 Matlab/Fuzzy仿真平台完成系统仿真并与传统模糊控制器进行比较,仿真结果显示优化后的控制方法与传统控制方法相比,可以有效地抑制污染物浓度并且达到了较好的节能目的。

关键词: 隧道通风; 排污; 污染物稀释; 模糊控制; 优化控制; 实验仿真; 节能

中图分类号: TN876?34; TB24                    文献标识码: A                      文章编号: 1004?373X(2019)19?0144?05

Abstract: As for the ventilation and pollution discharge system of long tunnels, the traditional fuzzy control method using fixed?universe domain is often affected by change in traffic flow in the tunnel and change in the external environment, so it usually can not reduce the pollutant concentration effectively, and is easy to result in unnecessary waste of the ventilation fan. In order to solve the above problems, a variable universe fuzzy control strategy based on particle swarm optimization algorithm is proposed. The performance index of control goal in the ventilation and pollution discharge is analyzed with the mathematic model established for determining the ventilation volume in tunnel. The particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the contraction?expansion factor on line, and the input and output domains of the fuzzy controller are dynamically adjusted, so as to to optimize the tunnel required air volume and improve the tunnel environment. The Matlab/Fuzzy simulation platform is build to complete the system simulation and compare it with the traditional fuzzy controller. The simulation results show that the optimized control method can more effectively suppress the pollutant concentration and achieve the better energy?saving purpose, in comparison with the traditional control method.

Keywords: tunnel ventilation; pollution discharge; pollutant dilution; fuzzy control; optimization control; experimental simulation; energy conservation

0  引  言

隧道通风控制系统具有非线性、时变性以及迟滞性等特点,其作用和设计的相关技术已经成为热门研究之一[1]。长大公路隧道有效的通风控制不但能节省资源的消耗,还能为车辆通行提供良好的行车环境。模糊控制由于结构简单、鲁棒性强且不用对研究对象进行复杂的建模处理,在隧道通风领域已经被证实具有很强的实用性。随着近些年国内外专家学者对隧道通风模糊控制进行深入系统性分析研究,在通风排污方面已经取得了较大的成效。文献[2]基于交通量及天气影响对隧道需风量进行计算,并利用模糊理论对风机进行控制,以此来降低污染物浓度;文献[3]运用T?S模糊辨识法对隧道污染物浓度变化量进行提前预测,用于提前优化隧道内的风机数量;文献[4]将系统检测的CO值和烟雾VI值与其设定值的差值作为控制器的模糊输入变量,从而实现了隧道通风的合理控制。然而在长大隧道通风调节过程中,这些基于传统模糊控制的排污方法采用的输入与输出量论域都是固定不变的,这就导致控制规则不足,运行中所耗费的能源较大。针对上述不足,众多的研究学者对模糊控制进行了各种改进,如自适应积分滑模模糊控制[5]、模糊神经网络控制[6]等。因此,本文在借鉴前人的优化模糊控制方法的基础上,提出将变论域模糊理念运用到隧道通风排污系统中。利用CO浓度作为控制目标,将粒子群优化算法应用于对伸缩因子的智能寻优,以此构成变论域模糊控制器,从而改善隧道环境[7]。

3  结  语

通过对隧道通风排污系统的优化设计,将变论域模糊器应用在隧道通风控制中。与隧道固定论域的模糊控制相比,不但实现了能源的节约,而且降低了风机使用频率和台数,延长了通风机的使用寿命。通过仿真实验证明,本系统可降低能耗约6.5%,有效减少了隧道運营成本。

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