劳动节
2019-09-10
国际劳动节又称“五一国际劳动节”“国 际示威游行日”,是世界上80多个国家的全国性节日。定在每年的5月1日,它是全世界劳动人民共同拥有的节日。今天就让我们在享受它赋予的小长假之际,一起来了解下它的起源吧!
May 1st,International Labor Day,"commemorates the historic struggle of working people throughout the world,and is recognized in many country. Despite the fact that the holiday began in the 1880s in the United States,with the fight for aneight-hour work day,the United States doesn't celebrate the day on May 1st.
In 1884,to achieve the goal to have an eight-hour work day,the general strike started. By April 1886,250,000 workers were involved in the May Day movement.The heart of the movement was in Chicago. Businesses and the state were afraid.The police and 2)militia were increased in size and received new and powerful weapons by local business leaders. Nevertheless,by May 1st,the movement had already won gains for many Chicago workers. But on May 3,1886,police fired into acrowd of strikers,killing four and wounding many. People had a mass meeting the next day in Haymarket Square to protest the brutality.
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The meeting proceeded smoothly,and by the time the last speaker was on the platform,the rainy gathering was already breaking up,with only a few hundred people remaining. It was then that 180 cops marched into the square and ordered the meeting to 3)disperse. As the speakers climbed down from the platform,a bomb was thrown at the police,killing one and injuring seventy. Police 4)responded by firing into the crowd,killing one worker and injuring many others. Although we don't know who threw the bomb,the incident was used as an excuse to attack the entire Left and labor movement.
To commemorate this great workers' movement,in July 1889,at the secondInternational Founding Conference organized by Engels,it was announced that May 1 ofeach year will be designated as the International Labor Day,referred to as“May 1”. This decision received an immediate and positive response from workers around the world
We must recognize and commemorate May Day not only because it's a holiday,but also for it's historical significance.
commemorate [ka'memaret] vt.庆祝,纪念;成.为……的纪念
4)respond [r'spond]v.回答,回报;反应
5月1日,国际劳动节,是为了纪念世界各地劳动人民历史上的抗争而设定,很多国家都承认这一节日。尽管这个节日始于19世纪80年代的美国,当时人们为争取八小时工作制而抗争,但美国的劳动节并不是在5月1日。
1884年,為了达成八小时工作制的目标,总罢工开始了。到1886年4月,已有25万工人参加了五一节运动。运动的中心在芝加哥。商界和政府感到恐惧。警察和民兵的规模扩大了,并得到了当地商业领袖资助的新的强大武器。到5月1日,这场运动已经为芝加哥的许多工人赢得了胜利。但是1886年5月3日,警察向罢工人群开枪,造成4人死亡,多人受伤。人们第二天在干草市场广场举行群众集会,抗议暴行。
会议进行得很顺利,当最后一位发言者来到讲台上时,这场冒雨进行的集会已经接近尾声,只剩下几百人。就在那时,180 名警察进入广场,命令集会人群散去。当演讲者从讲台上爬下来时,有人向警察投掷了一枚炸弹,造成1人死亡,70人受伤。警方随即向人群开枪,造成一名工人死亡,多人受伤。尽管从未确定是谁扔的炸弹,但这一事件被用作攻击整个左派和劳工运动的借口。
为了纪念这一伟大的工人运动,1889年7月,在恩格斯组织的第二次国际创建大会上,宣布每年的5月1日被定为国际劳工日,简称“五一”。这一决定立即得到了世界各地工人的积极响应。
我们必须认识和纪念五一节,不仅因为它是一个节日,还因为它有历史意义。
Know Mor e
世界各国一般都会举行相应的庆祝活动。不过,并不是所有国家都将5 月1日定为劳动节,那些同过“五一”的国家,具体的庆祝方式和习惯也大不相同。
英国、法国等欧洲国家都将“五一”确定为劳动节,不少国家都放假一天,还有的国家则根据情况将公共假期放在5月的第一个星期一。不过,和世界大多数国家不太一样的是,意大利尽管承认“五一”国际劳动节,政府也表示尊重劳工,但一般人并不举行专门的庆祝活动,也没有全国性的“五一”假期。
美国:劳动节起源于美国。劳动节发源地不过“五一”,美国的劳动节在九月的第一个星期一,全国放假一天。
日本:劳动节恰逢“黄金周”。日本是一个节日比较多的国家,5月1日前后的节日就很多,如4月29日植树节、5月3日宪法纪念日、5月4日国民假日、5月5日儿童节,这些假日连起来,一般日本人至少有一周休息时间,最长的甚至达11天。