听力分涨高,行家来支招
2019-09-10邱世才
邱世才
题型概述
听力测试主要考查考生接受信息、判断信息和运用信息的能力,录音内容基本上是没有生词障碍的英语材料。
中考听力测试范围包含英语课程标准中规定的粗体词语、功能意念项目和初中生所熟悉的生活、学习等话题。
◎命题形式
从2018年各地中考试卷看,听力试题主要从单词辨音、句子辨音、句子理解、对话理解、短文理解和表格填空等形式进行命题。
一、单词辨音
单词辨音题要求考生根据单词读音,选出该单词的音标选项。例如:
听下面5个单词。每个单词后面有一个小题,从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出作为该单词音标的正确选项。每个单词读两遍。
①A./li:v/ B./lɪst/ C./let/
②A./taɪəd/ B./̍teɪbl/ C./̍taɪɡə/
③A./rɪtʃ/ B./tʌtʃ/ C./sə:tʃ/
……
【2018·聊城中考题】
录音材料:
①let ②table ③rich
参考答案:①~③CBA
【解题秘籍】在听单词聽力题之前,要把每组三个单词的音标比较一下,注意其尾音是否相同,如不相同就要多留意其元音的读音,以便听录音时有所侧重。
二、句子辨音
句子辨音题(也叫关键词语选择题),考查考生在听清句子的前提下识别单词或词组的能力。此类题型中,每小题会提供读音易混或干扰性较强的三个单词或短语选项,要求考生听录音后选出所听到的词语。例如:
请在每小题所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出一个你所听到的单词或短语。每个句子读两遍。
①A.look B.knock C.cook
②A.dream B.cream C.team
【2018·安徽中考题】
录音材料:
①Keep your attention, and nothing can knock you down.
②If you work together as a team, youll be successful more easily.
参考答案:①~②BC
【解题秘籍】听录音前,先浏览所给三个选项的单词或短语,暗记其读音和词义。播放录音时,快速捕捉与选项相关的词语,在听懂句子意思的基础上,通过判断选择答案。
三、句子理解
句子理解题包括听句子选答语、选意思相近的句子、选择相关的图片等形式。例如:
1.听下面提示句,从每小题A、B、C三个选项中,选出能回应提示句的最佳选项。每个句子读两遍。
①A.He likes playing basketball.
B.He is very hard⁃working.
C.He is very tall.
②A.Of course not.
B.Sorry, I wont do it again.
C.What a shame!
【2018·咸宁中考题】
录音材料:
①What does Yao Ming look like?
②Dont throw litter around!
2.看图听句子,选出与句子意思一致的图画。每个句子读一遍。
A B C D E
① ② ③ ④ ⑤
【2018·海南中考题】
录音材料:
①Look, some girls are singing over there. ②Its going to rain. Youd better take your umbrella.
③Sorry, sir. You cannot smoke here.
④I take my dog for a walk after dinner every day.
⑤If you have any questions, please put up your hand.
3.听句子,选择与所听内容或语境相关的信息。每个句子读两遍。
【2018·兰州中考题】
录音材料:
I like eating bananas a lot.
参考答案:1.①~②CB 2.①~⑤EACDB 3.A
【解题秘籍】对于听句子选答语的题,首先应了解选项的具体内容,录音开始时要仔细听录音内容,便于根据其内容推测出答案。
对听句子选图画的题,先要观察每幅图画的内容,找出每幅图间的相同点与不同点。听录音时,注意对主要信息和关键词的把握,通过分析和比较来排除不符合录音内容的图画。
四、对话理解
对话理解题包括听对话内容直接选答案(图片)、听对话及问题选答案(图片)或听对话判断正误等题型。录音材料分为简短(小)对话、段落(长)对话。录音材料为问候、介绍、天气、时间、地点、情景、购物、计算以及职业与关系、邀请与约会、请求与帮助等题材,问题常以特殊疑问句形式出现。例如:
1.根据所听内容,回答对话后面的问题,在每小题所给出的三个选项中选出一个最佳选项。每段对话听两遍。
Where does the woman want to go?
A.To the zoo. B.To the park.
C.To the airport.
【2018·长沙中考题】
录音材料:
M:Miss, where do you want to go?
W:Could you please take me to the air⁃port?
2.根据你所听到的一段对话,从A、B、C三个选项中选出正确答案。每段对话听两遍。
①How does the girl feel now?
A.Relaxed. B.Stressed. C.Excited.
②What does the girl do before an exam?
A.She does more homework.
B.She asks teachers for help.
C.She listens to music.
【2018·江西中考題】
录音材料:
M:How are your exams going?
W:Not bad actually. I think Im doing pretty well.
M:I dont know how you stay so relaxed about it all. Im really stressed.
W:I always listen to relaxing music be⁃fore I have an exam. That keeps my head cool.
...
参考答案:1.C 2.①~②AC
【解题秘籍】做听对话理解题时,要在听录音前了解问答信息,预测录音的大概内容。在听录音时,要把握各小题地点、人物、时间或数字的变化等主要信息,把握表示转折的but和表示否定的no、not、nothing、hardly等关键词,采用推理、排除、辨别等方法进行综合判断,从而得出正确答案。
3.听对话,从题中所给的A、B、C三幅图片中选出与对话意思相符的图片。每段对话听两遍。
What does the man eat at last?
【2018·宜宾中考题】
录音材料:
M:Id like some beef, please.
W:Sorry, sir. We dont have any beef now. How about some eggs?
M:OK.
参考答案:B
【解题秘籍】预览选项图片,预测话题及内容。听录音时,要抓住关键信息,留意表示句意转折和表示否定的词语,关注对话人的“弦外之音”,把握说话者的真实含义后再选择答案。
4.判断下列句子是否符合你听到的对话内容,符合的用“T”表示,不符合的用“F”表示。
Mary has just become a college stu⁃dent.( )
【2018·上海中考题】
录音材料:
M:Hello, my name is Simon. Are you a new student?
W:Yes, I am. My name is Mary. Nice to meet you.
M:Nice to meet you, too. Ive studied in this college for 2 years. How do you like your college life?
...
参考答案:T
【解题秘籍】做此类题型时,要初步了解所给句子的大意。听录音时,注意对话中事件发生的时间、地点、人物和主要情节,以及对话中人物的语气。边听录音边依次观察所给的句子,随时判定哪个句子是正确的。
五、短文理解
短文理解题(又叫独白题)是综合性强、难度较大的题型。其考查方式有听短文判断正误、选择填空、完成句子或回答问题等,其考查内容主要涉及人物、故事情节、主旨等。例如:
1.本题你将听到一篇短文,读两遍,请从每个小题的三个选项中,选出最恰当的一项。
Who went for a holiday with Zhang Yuan last summer?
A.His friends. B.His parents.
C.His classmates.
【2018·陕西中考题】
录音材料:
Zhang Yuan is a middle school student. Last summer, his parents took him to America for a holiday...
参考答案:B
【解题秘籍】快速浏览各题的选项,推测短文可能涉及的内容。听录音的过程中,要听清What、When、Who、Why、Where和How,通过归纳、综合、判断选择正确的答案。
2.根据你所听到的短文内容,判断下列各句正(T)、误(F)。
Jane stayed in an old hotel.( )
【2018·吉林中考题】
录音材料:
Jane was on holiday in China. She stayed in an old hotel...
参考答案:T
【解题秘籍】浏览所给句子,初步了解其内容。听录音时,留意短文中的主要情节,判断内容的排列顺序。采用边听录音边判断的方式确定答案。
3.听下面一段独白,根据独白内容完成下列句子,每空格不超过3个单词。
The school opens .
【2018·江西中考题】
录音材料:
...The school opens on Monday and all students do an English test...
参考答案:on Monday
【解题秘籍】了解所给句子大意,从空格所在的位置及前后单词猜出词性。细听录音,速记关键词。听第一遍时,迅速写出认为应填的单词,一时写不出来的单词,可标出其汉语意思。听第二遍时,可边听边纠正或完善单词。
六、表格填空
听录音填表是表格补充题,录音材料以对话、留言、通知、个人简历、新闻报道等为主。例如:
听短文,根据短文内容完成下列表格。短文读两遍。
[Situation ◆More than 40 million foreigners, in⁃cluding ① and adults around the world are learning Chinese. The rea⁃sons for learning Chinese David ◆There are many ② for him to talk with Chinese or ③ in Chinese in his busi⁃ness. Bob ◆He became interested in Chi⁃nese ④ and was amazed when he first watched Beijing Opera two years ago. Lisa ◆China is becoming ⑤ and quite a lot of people want to know more about China. ]
【2018·烟台中考题】
录音材料:
More than 40 million foreigners around the world are learning Chinese. Some of them are children. They learn Chinese at school. Others are adults. They learn from their Chinese friends or study at the Confu⁃cius Institute.
I asked some of my foreign friends why they liked learning Chinese. David, who works in a big company in Australia, says that he has to learn Chinese because there are many chances to talk with people from China or read emails in Chinese in his busi⁃ness. Bob says that he wants to learn Chi⁃nese because he is very interested in Chi⁃nese culture. He was so amazed when he first watched Beijing Opera two years ago. Lisa thinks the most important thing is that China is becoming stronger and a lot of people want to know more about China.
參考答案:①children ②chances
③read emails ④culture ⑤stronger
【解题秘籍】听录音前,要快速浏览表格信息,初步了解需填写的单词。听录音时,重点捕捉对话或短文中的主要信息和某些细节。录音结束后,根据对其具体内容的回忆,写出符合题目要求的答案。要注意的是,填完单词之后的句子要做到语句通顺、语法正确。