Four world-famous teachers 蜚声中外的四位世界大师

韩晓莹

海詞积累

1. procedure n. 步骤;程序

2. vision n. 远见;眼力

3. synonymous adj. 同义的

4. autocracy n. 专制制度

5. condemn v. 谴责

6. exile n. 流放

Friedrich Froebel

Before kindergarten，young children were made to work in factories and mines; with no birthday celebrations at all， children were considered as adults by the age of seven. Luckily，Friedrich Froebel had invented what we know as the kindergarten today.

Friedrich Froebel was a German educator who laid stress on preschool education. He was the founder of the kindergarten and was also one of the most powerful educational reformers of the 19th century. All of the essential educational procedures in the kindergarten and preschool can be found in his work and vision.

Anne Mansfield Sullivan

A miracle（奇迹） worker is a teacher who somehow gets results where other teachers have failed. This phrase was coined by Mark Twain to describe one particular person. In fact， the term has become almost synonymous with Anne Mansfield Sullivan， the teacher of Helen Keller.

Anne Mansfield Sullivan herself was blind for much of the first part of her life. Undoubtedly， Sullivan's own partial blindness gave her insight into the little girl's closed-off world.

Savitribai Phule

Savitribai Phule was the first female teacher of the first women's school in India. She is one of the incredible（难以置信的） personalities who struggled against the autocracy in the early India.

Her life as a teacher was full of hardships. The upper classes used to condemn her opinions and actions， and they even threw stones at her. Despite all the sufferings she continued with her teaching and slowly she manifested（表明） her principles.

A lot of women in India today might not be aware of the efforts and achievements of Savitribai Phule， who undertook the noble act of “teaching”women in the very “Dark Age”. For her stand against the restrictions imposed on the women in India， today's women society should be grateful to her.

Confucius

Confucius is China's most famous teacher， philosopher， and political theorist， whose ideas have influenced the civilization of East Asia. Confucius is known as the first teacher in China who wanted to make education broadly available and instrumental in establishing the art of teaching as a way of life. He devoted his whole life to learning and teaching to transform and improve society. He believed that all human beings could benefit from self-cultivation.

Despite his political frustration he was accompanied by an expanding circle of students during his self-imposed exile of almost 12 years. According to the Records of the Historian， 72 of his students mastered the “six arts”， and those who claimed to be his followers numbered 3，000.Confucius was perceived as the heroic conscience who knew realistically that he might not succeed but continuously did the best he could.

Reading Check

What virtues should we learn from these outstanding teachers in the text？

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Language Study

Complete the following phrases according to the text.

1. 被當作     be considered _________________

2. 强调     lay stress   _________________

3. 由……创造;由……杜撰（新词或新的表达）    be  _________________ by

4. 实际上    fact_________________

5. 为反对……而斗争                     struggle _________________

6. 意识到                                       be aware _________________

7. 把……强加于                         impose...   _________________

8. 将……奉献给                         devote...   _________________

9. 声称做某事                               claim _________________