浅谈高中英语句子写作
2019-08-13王高鹏
王高鹏
摘 要:就高中英语句子写作当中出现的问题进行归纳分析,并提出“运用排比结构、具体词汇、简洁词汇,以及变换句型”等教学策略。
关键词:高中英语;句子写作;归纳分析
《普通高中英语课程标准(2017版)》指出:听、说、读、看、写是英语学习的基本能力,其中写的能力更是直接反映了学生对英语的综合运用能力,直接影响到学生的整个英语写作。笔者在平时教学中也发现,学生所写的句子除了结构单一,词汇堆砌外,时态混乱,前后不一,对英语句子写作缺乏认识和思考。在此谈几点建议。
一、运用排比结构
排比结构是把三个或三个以上意义相近、词性相近、语气结构相同的短语或句子排在一起组成的结构。运用排比可以使句子更加工整,饱满,朗朗上口。例如:
a.The contestant was told to be cheerful,charming,and enthusiastic.
b.Grandmother likes to read mystery novels,to do needlepoint,and to browse the Internet on her home computer.
二、保持句子前后一致
(一)动词时态一致
写作中,切忌不必要的时态转换。比如,所写句子以现在时为主,就不能突然转换成过去时;如果句子所提及的内容开始于过去,也不要毫无缘由地转换成现在时。例如:
a. Aunt Flo tried to kiss her little nephew,but he runs (ran) out of the room.
b. In a zero-gravity atmosphere,water breaks up into droplets and floated (floats) around in space.
(二)人稱代词一致
在平时的书面表达练习中,经常有学生在人称代词方面出错,指代混乱。例如:
a. Though we like most of our neighbors,there are a few you (we) cant get along with.
b. Many people are ignorant of side effects that diets can have on your (their) health.
三、运用具体的词汇
学生在写句子时,不能只满足并局限于脑子里首先出现的词语上,一定要用心想想有没有更好的表达词汇。实际上,我们每个人的脑子里都有了一个或大或小的词库,只要我们肯去发掘,往往可以得到更好的表达方式(黄任,2006)。笔者通过批阅作文发现,学生受汉语思维的影响,所用词汇过于笼统,不能有效地表达意义。因此,在修改句子时,教师应注意使用具体词汇表达相应的意义。例如:
a. She walked down the street. → Anne wandered slowly along Rogers Lane.
b. Animals came into the space. → Hungry lions approached silently into the resting rhinos.
在实际书面表达中,准确的句子可以帮助读者在脑海中形成清晰的画面,具体的细节描写能够让读者明白正在发生的事情。我们可以从以下四个方面来让作文中的句子更加准确。
(一)使用具体的名称,例如:
He sold his office equipment. → John sold his typewriter.
(二)使用生动的动词,例如:
The flag moved in the breeze. → The flag fluttered in the breeze.
(三)在名词之前运用修饰词作定语,例如:
A man strained to lift the box. → A clumsy,sweating man strained to lift the heavy wooden box.
(四)使用具体的感官类(看、听、尝、闻、摸)词汇,例如:
a. That woman jogs five miles a day. → That fragile-looking,gray-haired woman jogs five mile a day.
b. A noise told the crowd that there are two minutes left to play. → A loud whistle told the cheering crowd that there were two minutes to play.
四、运用简洁的词汇
从平时的书面表达作业来看,也有一部分学生在写句子时,用词过于烦琐、冗赘,这无形中给阅卷老师传递出此学生写作态度不端正、不认真的信息,从而拉低了阅卷老师的评分。例如:
a. In this paper,I am planning to describe the hobby that I enjoy of collecting old comic books. → I enjoy collecting old comic books.
b. In Bens opinion,he thinks that the mobile phone will change and alter our lives in the future. → Ben thinks that the mobile phone will change our lives.
五、变换句型
变换句型是进行有效写作的途径之一。如果学生的写作句型单一,文章读起来会显得单调、乏味。以下四种写作方法,可以有效丰富句型,使表达更加充分、有意义。
(一)增加并列句
一个并列句是由两个,或两个以上独立的简单句,通过并列连词连接起来的句子。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要,是平行并列的关系,通常用and,but,for,or,nor,so,yet,not only...but also等并列连词来连接。例如:
a. Greg worked on the engine for three hours,but the car still wouldnt start.
b. Bananas were on sale this week,so I bought a bunch for the childrens lunches.
(二)增加从属句
从属句也叫从句,它本身不能表达一个完整的意義。因此,它必须依附于主句,构成主从复合句。通常用从属连词引导。
在主从复合句中,主句为句子的主体,从句只作为句子的次要成分,不能独立成为一个句子,必须依附于主句。例如:
a. Although the exam room was very quiet,I still couldnt concentrate.
b. Even though I was tired,I stayed up to watch the horror movie.
(三)句首用词或短语的特殊形式
为了让作文更加能够吸引读者的眼球,句首可以用特殊形式的词或短语,最常见的有:分词做状语、副词做评注性状语修饰全句、动词不定式做状语和only修饰状语置于句首的倒装等。例如:
a. Concerned about his sons fever,Paul called a doctor.
b. Arriving at a strange-looking house,he showed me into a large,bright clean room.
(四)在句子中用连续性的形容词或动词
连续性的形容词或动词会使表达的意义更加生动,结构更加灵活。例如:
a. Jesse spun the basketball on one finger,rolled it along his arms,and dribbled it between his legs.
b. The brown,foul-tasting water dribbled out of the rusty metal tap.
参考文献:
[1]John Langan. College Writing Skills with Readings. The
McGraw-Hill Companies,Inc,2007.
[2]黄任.英语修辞与写作[M].上海外语教育出版社,2006.
[3]徐广联.大学英语语法[M].华东理工大学出版社,2005.
注:本文系甘肃省“十三五”教育科学规划2017年度“陇原名师”专项课题之“教师队伍建设策略研究(GS[2017]MSZX030)”和甘肃省“十三五”教育科学规划2018年度“基于英语学科核心素养的高中英语过程性写作教学策略研究(GS[2018]GHB2622)”阶段性成果。
编辑 谢尾合