非谓语动词考点回顾

甄红

在最近三年的高考中，全国Ⅰ卷的语法填空中每年有两道题考查非谓语动词，并且有可能同时在短文改错中再设一题（如2018年），占分值3—4分。在全国Ⅱ卷和全国Ⅲ卷中，非谓语动词考查力度更大，占的分值更多。最近五年的语法填空和最近11年的短文改错在非谓语动词方面究竟考查了哪些具体内容？又是如何考的？让我们一起来将这些题回顾一遍。

考点1：介词后用动名词做宾语。

这是考频最高的考点。在介词后可以用名词或动名词做宾语，但若其后有宾语或有状语等修饰时，只能用动名词做宾语。

填空：

（2018年全国Ⅰ卷）You may drink， smoke， be overweight and still reduce your risk of __________（die）early by running.（dying）

（2017年全国Ⅰ卷）Fast food is full of fat and salt; by ________（eat）more fast food people will get more salt and fat ...（eating）

（2015年全国Ⅱ卷）In addition to their simple beauty， what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“air-condition”a house without__________（use）electric equipment. （using）

（2014年全国Ⅱ卷）One morning， I was waiting at the bus stop， worried about ______（be）late for school.（being）

（2017年全国Ⅲ卷）But unlike her school friends， 16-year-old Sarah is not spending half-term（in） ________（rest）.〔resting，原题中没有in，但空格前可看作省略了介词in，即spend ...（in）doing sth结构中in常省略〕

改错：

（2018年全国Ⅰ卷）My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.（selling）

（2016年全国Ⅲ卷）I showed them I was independent by wear strange clothes.（wearing）

（2015年全國Ⅱ卷）After looks at the toy for some time， he turned around and found ...（looking）

（2016年全国Ⅱ卷）We can choose between staying at home and take a trip.（taking）

（2008年全国课标卷）Looking forward to hear from you soon.（hearing）

（2010年全国大纲Ⅱ卷）I look forward to see her again in the near future.（seeing）

（2013年全国大纲）He isnt good at talk but he gets on well with other people.（talking）

（2008年全国大纲Ⅰ卷）Weve been writing to each other for nearly a year now. I have often dreamed of talk face to face with you.（talking）

考点2：只能接不定式做宾语的动词。

填空：

（2017年全国Ⅲ卷）But Sarah， ... ， wants________ （prove）that she has brains as well as beauty.（to prove）

（2014年全国Ⅱ卷）I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver， but he refused ________（stop）until we reached the next stop.（to stop）

改错：

（2018年全国Ⅱ卷）... but no matter how many times I asked to watching them， my parents would not let me. （watch）

（2010年全国大纲Ⅰ卷）He agreed to reading my story and ...（read）

（2008年全国大纲Ⅰ卷）My father was so pleased that he suggested I go to England for a holiday. Id like to staying there for half a month ...（stay）

（2008年全国大纲Ⅱ卷）In short， I will do my best to help making the Games a success.（make）

注：在help后的不定式常省略to，即help do sth。

提示：这类动词需要熟记的有 afford to do sth， agree to do sth， aim to do sth， apply to do sth， arrange to do sth， attempt to do sth， ask to do sth， beg to do sth， choose to do sth， decide to do sth， determine to do sth， expect to do sth， want to do sth， hope to do sth， wish to do sth， long to do sth， fail to do sth， guarantee to do sth， hesitate to do sth， happen to do sth， learn to do sth， manage to do sth， offer to do sth， pretend to do sth， prepare to do sth， plan to do sth， intend to do sth， promise to do sth， undertake to do sth等。

考點3：只能接动名词做宾语的动词。

（2018年全国Ⅲ卷）I quickly lower myself， ducking my head to avoid __________ （look）directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel challenged.（looking）

（2014年全国Ⅱ卷）Still， the boy kept __________ （ride）. He was carrying something over his shoulder and shouting. （riding）

（2016年全国Ⅰ卷）My ambassadorial duties will include ________（introduce）British visitors to the 120-plus pandas ...（introducing）

（2017年全国Ⅱ卷）It took three years to complete and was built using an interesting method. This included digging up the road， __________（lay）the track and then building a strong roof ... （laying）

提示：这类动词需要熟记的有admit doing sth， appreciate doing sth， avoid doing sth， advise doing sth， suggest doing sth， allow doing sth， permit doing sth， consider doing sth， practise doing sth， enjoy doing sth， dislike doing sth， finish doing sth， discuss doing sth， escape doing sth， imagine doing sth， include doing sth， mind doing sth， miss doing sth，以及be worth doing sth， be busy doing sth， feel like doing sth， put off /delay doing sth， cant stand doing sth等。

考点4：接不定式做宾补的动词。

填空：

（2018年全国Ⅲ卷）Once his message was delivered， he allowed me __________（stay）and watch.（to stay）

（2017年全国Ⅰ卷）Fat and salt are very important parts of a diet. They are required ________（process）the food ...（to process）

改错：

（2017年全国Ⅱ卷）When summer comes， they will invite their students ∧ pick the fresh vegetables！（增加to）

（2011年全国大纲Ⅱ卷） My brother was so fond of the museums there that he begged my parents to staying another couple of days.（stay）

注：make sb do sth中do不带to。

（2014年全国大纲）Otherwise， it is impossible for them to help each other and to make their friendship to last long.（删除to）

（2012年全国课标）Meanwhile， I found out that with more patience， I could make my toys to last. My attitude changed from then on.（删除to）

注：在make， let， have等使役动词和see， hear， watch， observe， notice等感官动词后做宾补的不定式省略to。

（2009年全国大纲Ⅱ卷）A little girl was hurt and her mother needed help. So I helped them going to the nearest hospital.（go）

注：在help sb to do sth中的to可要可不要。

提示：这类动词需要熟记的有ask sb to do sth， want sb to do sth， tell sb to do sth， invite sb to do sth， encourage sb to do sth， allow sb to do sth， persuade sb to do sth， forbid sb to do sth等。

考点5：做目的状语只能用动词不定式。

填空：

（2018年全国Ⅰ卷）You dont have to run fast or for long ________ （see） the benefit.（to see）

（2018年全国Ⅱ卷）The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __________ （improve）water quality. （to improve）

（2016年全国Ⅲ卷） Skilled workers also combine various hardwoods and metal __________ （create）special designs.（to create）

改错：

（2007年全国课标）Li Ming came see me every day.（to see）

考点6：在形容词后做状语只能用不定式。

填空：

（2016年全国Ⅱ卷）If you find something you love doing outside of the office， youll be less likely ______（bring）your work home.（to bring）

（2015年全国Ⅱ卷）When a new day breaks， the walls have given up their heat and are now cold enough ______（cool）the house during the hot day ...（to cool）

注：be likely to do sth（很可能做某事）和 adj. /adv. +enough to do sth 均可看作固定搭配。

改错：

（2018年全国Ⅲ卷） Some of us were confident and eager ∧take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious. （增加to）

注：be eager to do sth可作为固定搭配来记。这类搭配常见的还有be anxious to do sth， be sure to do sth， be bound to do sth， be about to do sth， be able to do sth， be glad to do sth等。

考点7：不定式和动名词做主语。

填空：

（2014年全国Ⅰ卷）It took years of work ______ （reduce）the industrial pollution and clean the water. （to reduce）

注：It takes sb some time to do sth可作为固定句式来记。

改错：（2013年全国Ⅱ卷） Have tea in the late afternoon provides a bridge between lunch and dinner ...（Having）

考点8：分词做定语。

被修饰的词与分词是主动关系用现在分詞，是被动关系用过去分词。

填空：

（2015年全国Ⅰ卷）... it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people __________（live）in Shanghai and Hong Kong. （living）

（2016年全国Ⅰ卷） I was the first Western TV reporter_______（permit）to film a special unit caring for pandas rescued from starvation in the wild. （permitted）

（2015年全国Ⅰ卷）A study of travelers__________ （conduct）by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as ... （conducted）

（2015年全国Ⅱ卷）The adobe dwellings（土坯房）______（build）by the Pueblo Indians of the American Southwest are admired by ...（built）

改错：

（2010年全国课标）On the box was a card say： “25 cents each.”（saying）

（2012年全国大纲Ⅱ卷）Third， we should find ways to reuse the water using in washing， especially bath water ...（used）

考点9：分词做伴随状语。

句子主语与分词是主动关系用现在分词，是被动关系用过去分词。到目前为止，只考查了现在分词做伴随状语。

填空：

（2016年全国Ⅲ卷）People probably cooked their food in large pots， ________（use）twigs（树枝）to remove it.（using）

改错：

（2018年全国Ⅲ卷）Everyone was silent， wait to see who would be called upon to read his or her paragraph aloud.（waiting）

（2011年全国课标）My summer travel started terribly. I was at the Shanghai Railway Station buy a ticket to Hangzhou.（buying）

考点10：“连词+分词”结构。

句子主语与分词是主动关系用现在分词，是被动关系用过去分词。到目前为止，只考查了“连词+现在分词”。

（2018年全国Ⅱ卷）Chinas approach to protecting its environment while __________（feed）its citizens“offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide，”says the banks Juergen Voegele.（feeding）

考点11：分词做表语。

句子主语与分词是主动关系用现在分词，是被动关系用过去分词。

（ 2018年全国Ⅲ卷）I quickly lower myself， ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes so he doesnt feel ________ （challenge）.（challenged，由challenge sb“向某人挑战”可知）

特别说明：

1. 可能重复考。

同一考点在不同年份或不同卷别中可能会重复考。如by后接动名词在三年内就考查了三次。请看：

by sell the fish （2018年全国Ⅰ卷）

by wear strange clothes（2016年全国Ⅲ卷）

by ________ （eat） more fast food（2017年全国Ⅰ卷）

2. 可能同时考。

在同年同份卷中的语法填空和短文改错两种题型也有可能同时考。如：

2018年全國Ⅰ卷

填空：You may drink， smoke， be overweight and still reduce your risk of __________ （die）early by running.（dying）

改错：My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.（selling）

说明：同时考查介词后接动名词做宾语。

2018年全国Ⅱ卷

填空：The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice __________（improve）water quality.（to improve）

改错：... but no matter how many times I asked to watching them， my parents would not let me. （watch）

说明：同时考查不定式，只是前者做目的状语，后者做宾语。

2015年全国Ⅱ卷

填空：In addition to their simple beauty， what makes the adobe dwellings admirable is their ability to“air-condition”a house without __________（use）electric equipment.（using）

改错：After looks at the toy for some time， he turned around and found ...（looking）

说明：同时考查介词后接动名词做宾语。

2018年全国Ⅲ卷

填空：Once his message was delivered， he allowed me __________ （stay）and watch.（to stay）

改错：Some of us were confident and eager∧take part in the class activity; others were nervous and anxious.（增加to）

说明：同时考查不定式，只是前者考查不定式做宾补，后者考查不定式在形容词后做状语。

责任编辑 蒋小青