多榀木桁架的静载试验及其承载能力
2019-06-10王菲彬滕启城高一帆陈秋韵王长菊阙泽利
王菲彬 滕启城 高一帆 陈秋韵 王长菊 阙泽利
摘 要:以现代木结构中的齿板连接木桁架为基础,开发一种多榀木桁架,研究其承载能力和抗变形能力。依据《木结构试验方法标准》(GB/T 50329—2012)中规定的木桁架分级加载试验方法,对比3种木桁架在设计标准荷载下的变形情况和破坏加载阶段的极限承载力。结果表明,多榀木桁架的极限承载力能达到其设计标准荷载的2倍以上,具有良好的安全储备性能;设计时需严格验算木桁架的节点齿板承载力,以满足相应木桁架承载力水平的要求;组成多榀木桁架的单榀之间通过木销连接,具有较好的协同效应,能有效解决单榀的失稳问题;木销连接是一种有效的多榀连接方式,能达到多榀木桁架极限承载力高于单榀之和的目的,使其抗变形能力更优。
关键词:木桁架;静载试验;承载能力;抗变形
中图分类号:TU366.2
文献标志码:A 文章编号:2096-6717(2019)02-0086-07
Abstract:Wood truss connected with metal plate is an important structural component widely used in modern timber structures. A new type of girder truss was developed and its bearing capacity and anti-deformation ability of light wood truss were studied. According to multi-stage loading test method specified in Standard for test methods of timber structures (GB/T 50329-2012), the deformation of 3 kinds of wooden trusses under standard design load and the ultimate bearing capacity during the destructive loading stage were compared. The test results showed that ultimate bearing capacity of wood truss is more than twice the standard design load which means the truss has great safety margin. During the course of design, the bearing capacity of the metal plate joints of the timber truss must be strictly checked to meet the basic requirements of corresponding bearing capacity of the truss. Several single trusses combined into girder truss by wooden dowel which have great synergistic effect can effectively solve the instability of the single truss. Wooden dowel joint is an effective connection for girder truss, which makes the bearing capacity of girder truss exceeds the sum of several single trusses and anti-deformation ability much better than single ones.
Keywords:timber girder truss; static load test; bearing capacity; anti-deformation
輕型木桁架(light wood truss)作为一种重要的工程木产品在欧美等国家的木结构建筑中得到了广泛应用。轻型木桁架以其轻质高强、预制化程度高以及施工灵活等优势,不仅用于多种结构形式的现代木结构屋盖、楼盖体系,在城市老旧房屋“平改坡”工程中也得到了大力推广和应用[1-2]。在轻型木桁架屋盖和楼盖体系中,存在一些特殊位置的木桁架,该类桁架除受到上部均布荷载外,还同时承担与其搭接的木桁架传递的集中荷载,其受力较为复杂,普通单榀木桁架难以满足实际要求[3]。此外,随着大型公共木结构和大跨度结构的发展,一些大跨、悬挑结构中也需要具有更大承载能力的木桁架[4]。实际工程中,提高木桁架承载能力的方案有:采用大截面规格材加工木桁架;将多个相同结构的单榀木桁架通过连接件组合形成多榀木桁架(girder truss)。《轻型木桁架技术规范》(JGJ/T 265—2012)[5]中仅对采用钉连接的多榀木桁架作了钉行数和间距的要求,且钉连接具有易锈蚀,不美观等缺点,而木质连接件在这方面有较大的优势[6-7]。
木桁架是建筑中重要的结构构件,其承载能力关乎整体结构的安全性能。许晓梁等[8]通过多组试验研究了轻型三角形木桁架的荷载变形关系及可能的破坏形式。况宜[9]采用应变花观测轻型三角形木桁架齿板的应力变化,分析了齿板连接节点的受力性能。阙泽利等[10]结合多榀木桁架的连接节点性能、承载性能与破坏机理等系统地分析了多榀木桁架的研究现状和发展趋势。目前,对组合型轻型平行弦木桁架的试验研究鲜有报道,笔者采用木销连接制备一种多榀木桁架,并与构成多榀中的单榀木桁架、与多榀等厚的单榀木桁架形成对照,深入研究该多榀木桁架的承载能力、抗变形能力以及破坏机理,探究木桁架承载能力的主要影响因素。