埃森蒂森克虏伯楼，埃森，德国

建筑设计：JSWD建筑事务所和查克斯&莫雷尔事务所

1 夜景/Night view

校园内的所有建筑的立面都是按照“外壳与内核”的原则进行设计的，表现为两种立面类型：“外壳”界定了建筑体量朝向外部和开放空间的立面，而“内核”则是内院与中庭空间。这些设计旨在强调建筑之间的聚合感及同质性，强调超越建筑体量，可共享且形式化的建筑语言。

“外壳”由穿插在柱、梁或基本建筑结构中的通体合金玻璃幕墙组成，幕墙具有热效应。合金外壳以不同间距安置在立面之外作为遮阳系统，这些系统因不同建筑而各异。为呈现统一的建筑风格，所有建筑外部都包覆着“不锈钢”，且以垂直结构为主。因此楼层水平方向的线条得以融入背景，且使每个建筑的整体高度看起来均匀一致。这些层次丰富的立面使校园建筑看起来好似抽象的金属体块。首层局部嵌装玻璃的单体和通体嵌装玻璃的单体使校园各建筑之间有了更深层的呼应。

上文提到的合金“外壳”具有深浅各异的肌理，与校园建筑的色彩、平滑的“内核”形成对比。虽然外立面各不相同，但“内核”的设计却相对统一。相似的色彩和不透明内核的表皮设计统一了整个校园，加强了建筑间的联系。“内核”通体都覆盖了合金板，这些有着线圈涂层的面板是专为蒂森克虏伯校区开发生产的。其表面反射了不同时间、不同光线条件下的日光，塑造出细微的颜色差别，与校园周围绿化区域的自然之色形成对话。

以上述设计原则为基础，我们为蒂森克虏伯楼（Q1大楼）立面的绝大部分开发了一种创新且高效的遮阳系统。除了建筑中部的全景窗口，这个遮阳系统成为Q1大楼的主要特征。

遮阳系统由约3150根垂直杆件组成，杆件设有不锈钢双向轴，约40万个水平不锈钢百叶缠绕其上，远远看去，好似合金羽毛。这些可旋转和相互交织的元素呈现了一个最优系统，它结合了水平百叶（允许光线进入）和垂直可旋转百叶（视野不受限制）的优点。1280多个由直线电机驱动、中央控制的独立元件可以完成以下基本操作：

（1）紧闭（平行于隔热玻璃层）

（2）随太阳位置而调节（可变，垂直于太阳入射角）

（3）开启（水平百叶缠绕在双向轴上，垂直于隔热玻璃层）

这些独立元件有梯形、三角形和矩形3种，赋予立面一种能调节全天候阳光反射的结构，创造出一种近乎于人工调控的外观。遮阳系统也是关乎建筑能源的一部分，该系统可以防止过热。当其紧闭，会将自然光引入室内。可旋转的百叶设计保证了从窗户到开放空间的视野不受阻碍。从可持续性和能源效率的角度看，该系统将现代办公领域的技术功能需求，在设计良好的建筑当中呈现出来。（天妮 译）

2 动态立面/Dynamic façade

All of the building façades on the campus have been designed according to the "Shell and Core"principle, which is expressed in two façade types:while the "shell" defines the façades of the building volumes towards the exterior and the open spaces,the "core" is oriented towards the interior courtyards and atriums. The objective of these design leitmotifs is to underline cohesion between the buildings and thus the architectural homogeneity of this campus beyond the shared formal language of its building volumes.

The "shell" type consists of a thermally effective floor-to-ceiling metal-glass façade in post,beam, or elemental building structure. A metallic shell has been placed in front of these at various distances to bear sun-shading systems, which differ from building to building. The material "stainless steel" defines the outer appearances of all of the building envelopes, to express a uniform corporate architecture. All of the façades are characterised by a dominantly vertical structure, so that the horizontal lines of the story levels fade into the background,making the façades look homogenous in appearance over the whole height of each building; these multilayered façade surfaces thus make the campus buildings look like abstract metal volumes. The individual buildings' partly recessed glazed ground floor façades and the glazed floor-to-ceiling building joints represent a further connecting element within the campus architecture.

The above-mentioned metallic-rough "shells",the reliefs of which differ in depth, stand in contrast to the coloured, smooth "core façades" of the campus buildings. While the exterior-oriented façades vary, the "core" façades are designed identically.The homogenous colour and surface design of the opaque "core façades" unifies the whole campus appearance, reinforcing the relationships between its buildings. The "core façades" have been clad from floor to ceiling in sheet metal panels painted using coil coating, and developed and produced especially for the Thyssenkrupp Campus. Their surfaces reflect daylight depending on the time of day and the light entering, creating nuances of colour that stand in dialogue with the natural colours of the green areas around the campus.

An innovative, highly efficient sun shading system was developed for large parts of the Q1 façade based on the design principles described above. Apart

3 元件随太阳位置而调节/Following the position of the sun

4 细部/Details

5 细部/Details

6 细部/Details

项目信息/Credits and Data

客户/Client: Thyssenkrupp AG

建筑面积/Ground Floor Area: 28,500m2

遮阳幕墙/Sunshade Façade: Frener + Reifer

绘图/Drawings and Diagrams: JSWD Architects and Chaix &Morel et Associés (fig. 3-6,8,10,11)

摄影/Photos: Christian Richters (fig. 1,2,12), Günter Wett and Frener + Reifer (fig. 7), JSWD Architects and Chaix &Morel et Associés (fig. 9)from the panorama window, this sun shading system defines the character of the Q1 building.

Its sun shading elements, which look like metal feathers from afar, consist of approximately 3150 routered vertical stalks; stainless steel double axes,onto which approximately 400,000 horizontal stainless steel louvers have been screwed. These rotatable and intertwineable elements represent an optimised system that combines the advantages of horizontal louvers (allowing light to enter) with those of vertical rotatable louvers (unrestricted views). The over 1280 lineal motor-driven, centrallycontrolled individual elements can perform the following basic operations:

(1) Closed (parallel to the thermal glazed envelope)

(2) Following the position of the sun (variable,perpendicular to the angle of entry of the sun)

(3) Open (the horizontal louvers intertwine over a double-axis, perpendicular to the thermal glazed envelope)

Their differentiation into trapezoidal,triangular, and rectangular individual elements gives the façade a structure on which the changing play of reflecting sunlight throughout the day creates an almost artificial-looking orchestration of the architecture. The sun shading system is also part of the building's energy concept. It protects from overheating and when it is closed, it directs natural light into the interior spaces. Views from the windows to the open spaces are still guaranteed due to the rotational function of the system. This system has made it possible to transfer the technical and functional necessities of a modern office working world, from a sustainability and energy efficiency point of view, into well-designed architecture.

7 动态立面/Dynamic façade

8 细部/Details

9 细部/Details

10 独立元件可以完成上述基本操作/The individual elements can perform the above basic operations

11 分析图/Diagram

评论

燕达：建筑师将对建筑内环境的控制巧妙地融合进建筑外观设计里。考虑到校园建筑统一的建筑风格，建筑师以合金“外壳”和玻璃幕墙“内核”为基本元素，但肌理的组合又各自相异。合金外壳一方面通过不同的独立元件和交织方式创造了更多外观设计的可能性，另一方面也提供了可根据室外气象条件主动调节的遮阳系统。水平百叶和垂直旋转百叶交织，既考虑了全天太阳高度角的变化特点，同时也可以满足室内人员的日照和视野需求。

张宇峰：“壳与核”的原则赋予了表皮更大的发挥空间。多性能的平衡与优化一直是遮阳设计的巨大挑战。水平与垂直结合、材料光热选型，以及多变的形体变化，都在促进热、光和视野的相互协调。与太阳对话是遮阳设计的核心。通过单元形体的切换和太阳方位的追踪控制，有效应对了不同朝向与时间显现的矛盾和需求。与常见呆板单调和“侵占性”的遮阳设计相比，3种独立元件的搭配组合让表皮焕发生机，而“壳与核”的有序进退积极回应着内部使用空间的功能。虽然在冬季日照调控、技术复杂度、运维成本等方面留有改进空间，这仍不失为让遮阳设计努力做到协调、完美的优秀范例。

12 内景/Interior view

Comments

YAN Da:The architects subtly integrate the control of the building's interior environment into the design of its exterior appearance. Considering the unified architectural style of the campus buildings, the architects take the alloy"shell" and the glass curtain wall "core surface" as the basic elements, but using different combinations of textures. On the one hand, the alloy shell creates more possibilities of the façade design by using various independent components and the way they are interlaced, and on the other hand, it provides a shading system that can spontaneously adjust itself according to outdoor weather conditions.The horizontal louvers and the vertical rotating louvers are interwoven together.This not only refers to the changing solar altitude angle throughout the day but also meets people's requirements of sunlight and view while they are staying indoors. (Translated by CHEN Xi)

ZHANG Yufeng:The "Shell and Core" principle provides more spaces for façade design.The balance and optimisation of multiple performances is always a big challenge for shading design. The horizontal and vertical combination, solar and thermal properties of the material, and the various forms' varieties all contribute to the coordination of heat,light and field of vision. Conversation with the sun is the core of shading design. The contradictions and requirements occurred in various orientation and time are effectively responded by switch of unit shape and sun-tracking control. Compared to the common rigid, monotonous and "invasive" design of shading, the combination of three types of independent units revitalises the façade, while the orderly back and forth arrangement of"Shell and Core" responds positively to the internal space function. Although improvements exist in winter sunshine control, technical complexity, and operational and maintenance cost, it is definitely a good example for making shading design harmonious and perfect.