咸水种蔬菜，不咸味更美

浙江宁波市鄞州高级中学 温宏娟

“民以食为天，食以土为本。”土壤是万物生长的源泉，但是随着气候的变化，海平面的上升，土壤盐碱化已经成为一种普遍的现象。全球盐碱地面积竟然有9.55亿公顷!

不过，任何事物都有两面性，盐碱化的土壤也能为一些作物提供特殊的成长环境,那种出的味道又会如何呢?

听力扫障

1.salinizationn.盐碱化

2.salinen.盐水

3.irrigationn.灌溉；水利

4.salinityn.盐分

5.sensorn.传感器

6.hectaren.公顷

扫码听测

Ⅰ.听力理解

听下面一段录音并阅读6个简短的陈述，根据录音内容判断这些陈述是否符合所听内容，考查重点是学生对意义的理解能力和信息获取能力。

In this section,you will hear a passage.After you hear the passage,decide whether each of the statement is correct （A）,incorrect （B） or not mentioned （C）.

1 C l i m a t e c h a n g e i s t h e f u n d a m e n t a l r e a s o n f o r s a l i n i z a t i o n.A B C 2 3 I r r i g a t i o n i s t o s u p p l y l a n d w i t h f r e s h w a t e r f r o m o t h e r a r e a s.M a r c V a n R i j s s e l b e r g h e i s a f a r m e r f r o m t h e U n i t e d S t a t e s.A B C A B C 4 M r.V a n R i j s s e l b e r g h e m a d e h i s e x p e r i m e n t b y h i m s e l f.A B C 5 6 M r.V a n R i j s s e l b e r g h e w a s a b l e t o h a r v e s t v e g e t a b l e s f r o m a l l t h e a r e a s.F a r m e r s i n I n d i a h a v e a l s o c a r r i e d t h e s i m i l a r e x p e r i m e n t.A B C A B C

Ⅱ.听写练习

一边听录音一边阅读以下文字材料，这些文字材料不是录音的全部内容，而是以提纲、摘要、笔记、图表等形式再现的录音的主要内容，需要补全的内容一般是录音中的关键信息。注意每空一词。

Farmer using sea water and fresh water to grow tasty vegetables

Climate change has led to salinization.So some farmers are unable to use fields close to the 1._________.With scientists from the Free University of Amsterdam， a（n） 2._________in the Netherlands， is now carrying out an experiment to grow vegetables with a（n）3._________of sea and fresh water.He put several kinds of plants in fresh water and in sea water and all the 4._________between it.He divided a farm into 5.________irrigated areas.Surprisingly，vegetables in sea water were smaller than those grown in fresh water but they taste 6________._.

文本解说

本文是一篇科技报道。讲述了在气候变化导致农田盐碱化的背景下，荷兰农民Van Rijsselberghe与科学家们一起探索如何利用咸水种植农作物的故事。文章的结构十分清晰：提出问题（盐碱化造成农民耕地减少）→解决问题（荷兰农民利用咸水种植蔬菜）→实验概况（方法+开展方式<与科学家一起>+实验结果）→应用前景。把握这样的语篇结构，有利于抓住文章的主要信息，对阅读能力的提升非常有帮助。

体裁 报道 文章词数 3 8 8 难度指数 ★★★题材 人与环境 建议用时 7′

Climate change has caused a rise in sea levels.This has increased the amount of salt in fresh water used on coastal farms.As a result,farmers are increasingly unable to use fields close to the sea.Scientists call this process “salinization”.The term comes from the word “saline” —which means a mixture of salt and water.

The United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization says salinization is reducing the world's irrigated lands by 1～2 percent every year.Irrigationis the process of supplying land with fresh water from other areas.But a farmer in the Netherlands is now using a mixture of sea and fresh water to grow healthy and tasty vegetables.

Marc Van Rijsselberghe started with an experiment.He put several kinds of plants in saline.“We put in a lot of plants in the fields and then we put in,put them in fresh water and in sea water and all the varieties between it,and then we see which variety is surviving and which variety is dying.”

Mr.Van Rijsselberghe worked on the project with scientists from the Free University of Amsterdam.He divided a farm into eight irrigated areas.Separate pipes pumped fresh and sea water,and a computer program created water with eight levels ofsalinity.“And then computer says ‘go'and then it goes to the fields and dripping irrigation starts to work and we are going to kill plants.That's it.”Computerized measuring devices called “sensors”controlled the water levels and the levels of salinity.

Mr.Van Rijsselberghe says he was able to harvest vegetables from most of the eight test areas.He says the vegetables were smaller than those grown in fresh water.But he says they also have more sugar and salt,so they taste better.“It's a miracle.I mean,it shouldn't be a carrot,it should be dying if we look at the data that are available in the world at the moment.”

The farmer grew carrots,cabbage,onions and beetroot （甜菜）.But he found that potatoes grew better than the other vegetables in the combination of sea and fresh water.

Mr.Van Rijsselberghe says four kinds of these potatoes were recently sent to Pakistan,where thousands ofhectaresof land has been damaged by salinization.Farmers in Pakistan will test the Dutch potatoes to see if they can be grown in those fields.

背景知识

可持续发展观下的盐碱化问题一瞥

人类进入21世纪,科学技术的发展达到了一个新的阶段,极大地推动了社会经济的进步。另一方面,人类面临的问题仍然十分突出,如气候变化、土地沙漠化、土壤盐碱化、环境污染等。目前,全球盐碱地面积已达约9.55亿公顷。土壤盐碱化已成为重要的环境问题之一。究其原因主要是不适当灌溉、植被破坏和海水内侵。在人口不断增长、耕地逐渐减少的情况下,改良利用盐碱地具有重要意义。采取的基本方法包括工程措施、耕作措施和综合措施。植树造林是改良盐碱地的生物措施之一,不但可以改善环境,抑制土壤盐碱化,而且可以直接利用盐碱地生产林木果品,提高盐碱地的生产能力和经济效益。