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中考考点归纳与链接

2019-04-24

中学生英语·中考指导版 2019年3期
关键词:轮流宾语短语

1. color

(1) n. 颜色;肤色;颜料;脸色

例如:

Nancy liked the skirt well enough, but complained about the color. (南希还挺喜欢这件裙子,只是有点不满意它的颜色。)

The color is coming back to your face. (你的气色在好转。)

(2) vt. 粉饰;给……涂颜色

例如:

The sun was beginning to color the sky above. (太阳开始给上方的天空涂抹色彩。)

2. dictionary

(1) n. 字典;词典;辞书

例如:

I read English magazines with the help of a dictionary. (我借助字典翻阅英文杂志。)

When he writes, he always keeps a dictionary at hand. (他写作时手边总备有一本词典。)

(2) 相关短语:

a living dictionary 活词典;学识渊博的人

a walking dictionary/library 活词典;学识渊博的人

speak like a dictionary 讲话很有学问(或很精确);谈吐渊博

up to dictionary [俚语] 学识渊博

3. excuse

(1) n. 借口;理由

例如:

Loser always has an excuse. (失败者总有借口。)

(2) vt. 原谅;为……申辩;给……免去

vi. 作为借口;请求宽恕;表示宽恕

例如:

He excused himself by saying he was late because of the terrible weather. (他为自己辩解说自己迟到是因为天气恶劣。)

Many people might have excused him for something wrong that he has done. (很多人可能已经原谅了他做过的一些错事。)

4. trip

(1) n. 旅行;轻快的步伐

例如:

I am interested in the ten week trip next spring. (我对明年春天为期10周的旅行感兴趣。)

(2) 相关短语:

a trip to the moon 到月球的旅行

make/take a trip 旅行

a pleasant trip 愉快的旅行

business trip 公务旅行;出差

例如:

Mark was sent to the Far East on a business trip. (马克被派往远东出差。)

Last week, I had a pleasant trip to the wonderful capital of our country, Beijing. (上周,我前往我国首都北京进行了一次愉快的旅行。)

(3) 辨析:trip,journey,tour和travel

① trip常指短距离的、直达目的地的旅行,在日常用语中,trip可与journey通用。

例如:

I am going on a trip to the seaside during the summer holidays. (暑假期間我将去海边旅行。)

He went on a trip to Paris. (他去巴黎旅行了。)

② journey主要指单程较远距离的海、陆、空旅行。表示“去旅行”时,应使用go on a journey,而不是go to a journey。

例如:

Mr. Smith went on a journey from Paris to New York. (史密斯先生进行了一次从巴黎到纽约的旅行。)

A pleasant journey to you. (祝你旅途愉快。)

③ tour 指“旅行,周游,观光”,主要目的是游览或视察,距离可长可短,常带有“最后回到出发地”的含义。

例如:

He is making a tour of the world. (他周游世界去了。)

They spent two months on a tour through most of the countries of Europe. (他们用了两个月的时间去旅行,游历了欧洲的大部分国家。)

④ travel一般指到国外或远方旅行,它与journey的不同之处在于不着重某一目的地,有“到各地游历”的意思,作名词时常用复数形式。

例如:

He has just returned from his travels. (他刚刚旅行回来。)

One day in his travels in China, he got to Guangzhou. (在中国旅行期间的一天,他去了广州。)

5. price

(1) n. 价格;价值;代价

例如:

They will have to pay a high price for the house. (他们将不得不高价买下这栋房子。)

(2) vt. 给……定价

例如:

They are expected to be priced at about 330 yuan. (他们的价格可能会定在330元左右。)

(3) 相关短语:

price list 价格表

ceiling price 最高价

selling price 售价

wholesale price 批发价

price tag 价格标签;价格牌

list price 标价;定价

total price 总价;总费用

floor price 底价;最低价

fixed price 固定价格;定价

fair price 公平价格

6. taste

(1) taste作名词

① n. 味觉;味道

例如:

I like the taste of wine and enjoy trying different kinds. (我喜欢葡萄酒的味道,喜欢品尝不同的口味。)

② n. 尝试;鉴赏力;品味

例如:

We have a taste of the white wine hes brought. (我们尝了尝他带来的白葡萄酒。)

③ n. 爱好

例如:

She tried to educate her sons taste in music. (她试图培养她儿子对音乐的爱好。)

2) taste作动词

① v. 品尝

例如:

Please taste the soup and see if it has enough salt. (请尝一口汤,看盐放得够不够。) ② v. 有……味道的(或气息)(taste + of/like)

例如:

This sauce tastes of tomato. (这调味酱有番茄味。)

③ taste作系动词

例如:

The meat tastes delicious. (这肉味道真好。)

7. wish

(1) wish作动词

① wish to do “希望做某事”

wish sb. to do sth. “希望某人去做某事”

例如:

If you wish to go away for the weekend, Ill book the train ticket for you now. (如果你想外出度周末,我现在就给你订车票。)

I wish you to go with me. (我希望你跟我一起去。)

② wish sb. sth. “祝愿某人如何”

例如:

I wish you a wonderful holiday in France. (我祝愿你在法国度假愉快。)

③ wish+that从句

wish+that从句是虚拟语气,表示与事实相反的情况,或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望。

例如:

I wish that I could fly like a bird. (我希望我能像鸟儿一样飞翔。)

(2) wish作名詞

n. 愿望,祝福,祝愿

例如:

Please bring my best wishes to your family and your friends. (请把我最美好的祝福带给你的家人和朋友们。)

Cindy made three wishes on her tenth birthday. (辛迪在十岁生日时许下了三个愿望。)

(3) wish与hope用法的区别

① hope表达实现的可能性较大的愿望,wish表达的愿望实现的可能性较小。因此,wish的宾语从句须用虚拟语气,而hope不能。

例如:

The student hopes that you can help him with his English. (学生们希望你能帮他们补习英语。)

The boy wished he had a brother like that. (那个男孩希望他有一个像那样的兄弟。)

②“希望某人干某事”应使用wish sb. to do sth. 而不用hope sb. to do sth.。

例如:

All parents wish their children to be happy. (所有父母都希望他们的孩子快乐。) [动词不能用hope]

③在祝语中常用“wish sb. +宾语补足语”,而hope没有这样的句型。

例如:

I wish you a happy new year/a good journey. (祝你新年快乐/旅途愉快。)

④在答语中常用hope so/hope not表达“希望如此”和“希望不是这样”。

例如:

—Will it be fine tomorrow? (明天会天晴吗?)

—I hope so. (但愿如此。)

⑤句型相同时wish与hope可换用。

例如:

They hope/wish to visit China. (他们希望访问中国。)

People should always hope/wish for the best and prepare for the worst. (人们应该抱乐观的态度,做最坏的打算。)

8. turn

(1) 作名词

① n. 轮流;轮流的顺序;旋转;转弯处

例如:

You cant do a right hand turn here. (你不能在这里右转弯。)

② 相关短语:

take turns 轮流做某事儿

in turn 依次;逐个地

by turns 轮流地;逐个地

Its ones turn to do sth. 轮到某人做某事。

the turn of the year/century 年度/世纪的新旧交替时期;一年之始/世纪之初

例如:

You cant both use the bike at once—youll have to take turns. (你们不能两人同时用这辆车——得轮流使用。)

The girls called out their names in turn. (那些女孩逐一报出自己的名字。)

We did the work by turns. (我们是轮流做这项工作的。)

Tonight its my turn to cook. (今晚轮到我做饭。)

(2) 作动词

① v. 转弯;转向;翻转;转动

例如:

Turn right at the end of the road. (在路的尽头向右转。)

The hands of the clock turn very slowly. (这个时钟的指针走得很慢。)

She turned the chair on its side to repair it. (她把椅子翻转过来修理。)

② v. 改变状态或形式

例如:

The weather has turned cold and windy. (天气变得寒冷而多风。)

9. 辨析:spend,take,cost和pay

spend,cost,take和pay虽然都可以表示“花费”,但用法却不尽相同:

(1) spend的动作的发出者必须是人,常用于以下结构:

① spend time/money on sth. “在……上花费时间(金钱)”

例如:

I spent two hours on this math problem. (这道数学题花了我两个小时。)

② spend time/money (in) doing sth. “花费时间(金钱)做某事”

例如:

They spent two years (in) building this bridge. (造这座桥花了他们两年时间。)

(2) cost的动作的发出者是物或某种活动,还可以表示“值”,常用于以下结构:

① sth. costs (sb.)+money “某物花了(某人)多少钱”

例如:

A new computer costs a lot of money. (買一台新电脑要花一大笔钱。)

② (doing) sth. costs (sb.)+time “某物(做某事)耗费了(某人)多少时间” [指付出的代价,做出努力和牺牲,时间较笼统。]

例如:

Remembering these new words cost him a lot of time. (他花了大量时间才记住了这些单词。)

注意:cost的过去式及过去分词都是cost,并且不能用于被动句。

(3) take的动作发出者是物或某种活动,后面常跟双宾语,常见用法有以下几种:

① It takes (sb.)+time+to do sth. “做某事花费(需要)(某人)多少时间” [it为形式主语,to do sth.为真正的主语。]

例如:

It took them three years to build this road. (修这条路花了他们三年时间。)

② sth. /doing sth. takes (sb.) +time “做某事花了(某人)多少时间”

例如:

Repairing this car took him the whole afternoon. (修车花了他一下午时间。)

The journey from London to Oxford takes about an hour and a half. (从伦敦到牛津大约需要一个半小时。)

(4) pay的基本用法是:

① pay (sb.) money for sth. “付钱(给某人)买……”

例如:

I have to pay them 20 pounds for this room each month. (我每个月要付给他们20英磅的房租。)

② pay for sth. “付……的钱”

例如:

I have to pay for the book lost. (我不得不赔丢失的书款。)

③ pay for sb. “替某人付钱”

例如:

Dont worry!Ill pay for you. (别担心,我会替你付钱的。)

④ pay sb. “付钱给某人”

例如:

They pay us every month. (他们每月给我们报酬。)

⑤ pay money back “还钱”

例如:

May I borrow 12 yuan from you? Ill pay it back next week. (你能借给我12块钱吗?下周还你。)

⑥ pay off the money “还清钱”

例如:

I can use that to pay off the money I borrowed from the bank. (我可以用这些还掉我从银行借的钱。)

10. mind

(1) 作名词

n. 心智;头脑;决心

例如:

A moment of fear went through my mind but I told myself to calm down since I was still alive. (片刻的恐惧穿过我的脑海,但我告诉自己要冷静下来,因为我还活着。)

(2) 作动词

① vt. 专心于,愿意做,介意,当心;照看

例如:

Mind my bike while I go into the shop, please. (我到商店里去的时候请帮我看一下自行车。)

Do you mind the noise? (这声音影响你吗?)

Mind the wet paint. (当心,油漆未干。)

② 注意:

mind作“介意”讲时,常用于疑问句、否定句或条件句中,后面接动名词作宾语,不接动词不定式。

例如:

Would you mind showing me how to start this online tour? (你能告诉我如何开始这个在线旅游吗?)

Never mind. Theres still plenty of time for them to score. (没有关系。还有很多时间,他们可以得分。)

Im patient. I dont mind waiting for people. (我很有耐心。我不介意等人。)

(3) 相关短语:

make up ones mind 下决心

never mind 不用担心,别管;不要紧,没关系

to my mind 依我看,我认为

broaden/cultivate/enrich ones mind 开阔心胸/陶冶情操/丰富思想

be in two minds about sth./doing sth. 对某事三心二意或犹豫不决

be of one mind (about sb./sth.) 对……意见一致

be out of ones mind 发狂;发疯

keep sb./sth. in mind 记住……

bring/call sb./sth. to mind 想起……

mind your own business 少管闲事

change ones mind 改变主意

11. point

(1) 作名词

① n. 得分;分数

例如:

You get a point every time you answer a question correctly. (每次你正确回答一个问题就会得到一分。)

② n. 点;小数点

例如:

The line AB cuts the line CD at the point E. (直线AB与直线CD相交于E点。)

③ n. 地点;尖端

例如:

Ill wait for you at the meeting point in the hall. (我將在大厅的迎接点等你。)

④ n. 要点;论点;观点;看法

例如:

He missed the whole point of my speech. (他完全没抓住我演讲的重点。)

(2) 作动词

vt. 用手指等指;(意思上)指向;削尖;加标点于;指路

vi. 表明;指向

例如:

Just point the camera and press the button. (只要把照相机对准,然后按动快门就可以了。)

(3) 相关短语:

point at 指向;指示

point out 指出

point to 指向

make ones point (清楚地,有说服力地)阐明观点

at all points 在各部分;在各方面;完全地

hold the opposite point 持有相反的观点

12. 辨析:information,news和message

(1) information指“what you tell somebody”或“facts”,即“信息”或“数据;事实”。

例如:

Can you give me some information about trains to London? (您能不能给我一些开往伦敦的列车的信息?)

(2) news指“words that tell people about things that have just happened”,即“消息;新闻”。

例如:

Have you heard the news? Betty is getting married. (你听说了吗?贝蒂要结婚了。)

(3) message指“words that one person sends to another”,即“向他人传送的信息;消息”。

例如:

Could you give a message to Jenny, please? Please tell her I will be late. (请您给珍妮捎个口信行吗?请告诉她我会迟到。)

简言之,三者在用途上有区别。message是“留言,消息”,需要一个中间人;news是“新闻”;为不可数名词。information是“信息;资料”,不带感情色彩,为不可数名词。

13. promise

(1) 作动词

v. 允诺;答应

① promise sth. (to sb.)

promise sb. sth.

例如:

She promised her help to me. (她答应过帮助我。)

I have promised myself a quiet weekend. (我打算过个清净的周末。)

② promise to do

例如:

The manager promised to hire the girl. (经理答应雇佣这个女孩。)

③ promise (sb.)+that从句 (that从句为宾语从句)。

例如:

He promises me that he will buy a bike for my birthday gift. (他承诺给我买一辆自行车作为我的生日礼物。)

(2) 作名词

① n. 允诺;诺言

例如:

Im hoping youll keep your promise. (我希望你遵守诺言。)

We received many promises of help. (许多人答应帮助我们。)

② n. 希望;有前途

例如:

The boy first showed promise as an athlete in grade school. (这个男孩在上小学的时候就初次显示出成为运动员的潜力。)

(3) 相关短语:

give/make a promise 许诺

carry out/keep a promise 履行/遵守诺言

break a promise 违背诺言

例如:

In order to keep the promise, Murphy took Gloria to the nearest shop. (为了遵守诺言,墨菲带着葛洛莉去了最近的商店。)

14. break

(1) 作动词

① vt. 打破;折断;破碎

例如:

I didnt mean to break his nose. I just saw red. (我不是故意要打断他的鼻梁。我只是一时气急。)

② vt. 违反(法律、规定等)

例如:

If we see someone breaking the rules of

etiquette, we may politely give them some

suggestions. (如果我們看到有人违反礼仪规则,我们可以有礼貌地给他们一些建议。)

(2) 作名词

n. 休息,暂停

例如:

You need to take breaks away from the computer. (你需要远离电脑休息。)

15. drop

(1) 作动词

① v. 丢下,掉下,落下

例如:

The apple dropped from the tree to the ground. (苹果从树上掉到地上。)

She was scared and dropped the cup. (她吓坏了,丢落了茶杯。)

② v. 减少,下降,下跌,减弱

例如:

The wind has dropped. (风势已减弱了。)

The price of the rice has dropped. (大米的价格已经降下来了。)

③ v. 丢下,放弃

例如:

You must drop smoking/the bad habit. (你必须戒烟/戒除这个坏习惯。)

Dont drop math. (别放弃数学。)

④ v. 使下车

例如:

Drop me (off) at the corner. (让我在拐角处下车。)

⑤ drop in/by “探望,串门”

例如:

Please drop in to see us if you are in Bradford. (如果你到布拉福特,请顺便来看看我们。)

(2) 作名词

n. 滴;水滴

例如:

A drop of rain fell on my face. (一滴雨落在我的脸上。)

(3) 辨析:drop和fall

① 表示从高处往下掉或降,两者有时可互换。

例如:

The temperature has dropped/fallen. (气温降低了。)

② fall表示“落下”时,多指无意识的行为,有自然坠落之意,且通常是不及物动词;drop 既可指无意的行为,即表示“落下”(不及物),也可指有意的行为,即表示“投下”(及物)。

例如:

He dropped the letter into the mail box. (他把信投入信箱。)

16. develop

(1) vt. 开发

例如:

China is now try her best to develop the western China. (中国正在努力开发西部。)

(2) vt. 使发展

例如:

He says his country wants to develop its traditional friendship with China. (他说他们的国家希望发展和中国的传统友谊。)

(3) vt. 形成,养成

例如:

The best way to make sure that we will feel and look fine is to develop healthy eating habits. (确保我们身体健康的一个最好方法就是养成良好的饮食习惯。)

(4) develop into “发展成……;变成……”

例如:

He has developed into an experienced leader. (他已经变成了一个有经验的领导。)

The small village has developed into one of the famous sights. (这个小乡村已发展成一个著名的风景区了。)

(5) 相关短语:

develop the mind 启发思维

develop a business 开发业务

develop from... 从……中长出来;由……发展成

be under development 在发展中

a developing country 发展中国家

a developed country发达国家

17. imagine

v. 想象,设想

(1) imagine后接that或what引导的宾语从句

例如:

Nelson imagines that he will be a famous violinist,but he doesnt practice. (纳尔逊想成为一个有名的小提琴家,但他就是不练习。)

Can you imagine what he is doing now? (你想他现在正在干什么?)

I can just imagine what the place is going to look like in a few years. (我能想象出这个地方几年后会变成什么样子。)

(2) imagine (sb./sb.s) doing 想象(某人)做某事

例如:

I cant imagine walking all the way to the North Pole. (我無法想象怎样一路走到北极去。)

She imagined walking into the office and telling everyone the truth. (她想象自己走进办公室,对每个人都说出真相。)

The boy imagines himself becoming a scientist. (这孩子想象自己成了科学家。)

(3) imagine+宾语(+宾语补足语)

例如:

You can imagine the situation there. (你可以想象那里的情况。)

Dont imagine yourself to be always correct. (不要以为自己总是对。)

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