探访世界建筑奇迹品味地域文化之美

□ 文/本刊记者 杨艳

□ Article/Journalist Yang Yan Translator/ He Jing

一座好建筑体现一个国家的民族性和时代感。来到一个国家，欣赏它的坐标建筑，是品读这个国家历史地域文化最直观的途径。

LV基金会，设计者是弗兰克·盖里。

重庆籍建筑设计师李未韬曾与英国著名建筑师威尔·阿尔索普一同参与重庆网红景点的鹅岭二厂文创园的设计工作，他到访过全球十多个国家，专注研究世界级大师的建筑作品。让我们跟随李未韬的分享，一起品味他眼里的建筑文化和大师智慧。

法国 LV基金会一个脱离现实世界和人类文明的产物

巴黎拥有太多世界级的优秀建筑，而LV基金会是其中较新的一座。设计者弗兰克·盖里是第11届普利策建筑获奖者，他大胆、富有诗意的建筑风格与传统建筑截然不同，充满了未来主义的设计感。

“弗兰克·盖里的作品总是让人捉摸不透，他的创造力需要不断革新的技术来支撑和实现。”李未韬说，亲眼所见之后，他才发现以前低估了它，“建筑体量比我想象的大太多，对于这样几乎没有平面甚至是单曲面的建筑，体量大带来的工程技术难度和成本的影响是惊人的。”入口的墙上张贴着弗兰克·盖里和LV创始人的合影，投射出一个梦想的艰难落成：超长的时间周期，巨大的投资，颠覆性的技术难题……让李未韬深受感动。

“这座建筑所使用的材料，光线的引入，钢梁、木材、玻璃之间的联接，还有其流线和景观的设计，都是亮点。尤其是13500平方米的玻璃屋顶使用了颠覆传统的创新技术。”李未韬说。这样一个巨大而优美的“怪物”坐落在巴黎的公园里，给人的感觉更像是一个脱离现实世界和人类文明的产物。“室内的陈列物极其简单，没有丝毫跟LV奢侈品有关的物件，让人更关注建筑本身，它就是一件艺术品。”

贝林佐纳城堡入口处犹如从岩壁上劈开的一条道，浑然天成。

瑞士 贝林佐纳城堡入口人与自然共生的作品

贝林佐纳被称作意大利通往阿尔卑斯的门户。充满中世纪传奇色彩的城堡与城墙，蜿蜒在贝林佐纳山头，从罗马时代开始这里就成为重要据点和势力纷争中心。城堡建造时作为军事要塞抵御外来侵略，现作为一个博物馆，山下入口处的空间是一个改造项目，建筑风格非常硬朗。

李未韬对瑞士的建筑师并不了解，在门德里西奥读研的学弟向他推荐了这个非常具有代表性的设计作品。城堡离贝林佐纳火车站很近，步行约10分钟。贝林佐纳是瑞士南部提契诺州地区的首府，受意大利的影响，南部浪漫狂放的气质和北部地区的严谨截然不同。所以，这是一个十分大胆的设计。

入口处犹如从岩壁上劈开的一条道，浑然天成。高耸的缝隙将人的视线引向高处。进入通道，空间越来越窄小，最深处是一个嵌入山体的混凝土半球空间，供人驻足停留，向上望去是一个穿出山体的混凝土天井。“整个体验过程一气呵成，让人精神振奋。”李未韬认为，这个入口的设计所蕴含的力量是精神与山石的碰撞，是人与自然共生的作品。

日本 东京富士电视台建筑设计史上的一次全新尝试

在众多的日本建筑师中，丹下健三是李未韬颇为欣赏的，其建筑空间中所蕴涵的力量让人印象深刻。来到东京，李未韬专程赶去台场地区目睹了这个经典之作，该地最醒目的建筑之一。

原色铝板覆盖的大楼外表呈现出现代建筑特有的科技感。巨大的建筑体位于大楼侧面，在空旷的台场显得格外震撼。一条廊桥及其空隙很好地营造了在天空中生活的氛围，可以说是建筑设计史上的一次全新的尝试。

除了满足电视台最基本的功能以外，建筑师还设计了一条独特的参观路线，在25层高处设置了一个巨大的球型瞭望室，这在当初是非常特殊的工艺。空中的球体作为公共展厅，结合一系列文化活动，让参观者可以在高空俯瞰整个台场区。李未韬说，这些设计体现了建筑作为一个载体，将人和城市联系在一起的精髓，让这座城市的魅力增色不少。

东京富士电视台巨大的球型瞭望室。

美国 埃克塞特图书馆 一座乔治王时代风格的建筑

几何对称是这座图书馆的设计亮点。

世界经典建筑排行榜里总有埃克塞特图书馆的名字，它是美国建筑大师路易·康的优秀作品。李未韬对这位大师的膜拜可以用“心中的神”来形容，他曾亲临现场，感受大师的设计魅力。“光影的变化，几何对称，整体构造、功能，它们之间复杂而又极富逻辑的关系，证实了这个建筑的完美。”

设计之初，埃克塞特学院学院对设计的要求很具体：一座与学院原有乔治王时代建筑风格相融合的砖立面建筑，以及一个适合学习的室内环境。路易·康对砖材料的运用和对自然光线的考虑巧妙地实现了最初的创想。

图书馆由围绕中央大空间的双重区域组成，内圈是避免直接日照的藏书区，外圈是为读者在自然光下阅读而设的区域，整个空间既开放又相对独立。建筑首层是图书馆最有魅力的地方，站在这里，窗外的自然光照亮了整个屋顶，呈现出神圣的十字形，营造出肃静的氛围。

图片/受访者提供

A good building mirrors the nationality and modernity a country. Admiring its landmark architecture is the most intuitive way to appreciate the history and culture of this country.

Chongqing-based architect Li Weitao and the famous British architect Will Alsop participated in the design of Cultural and Creative Park, the Second Plant of E'ling, which is now one of the star attractions in Chongqing. Li Weitao has visited more than 10 countries around the world, focusing on research of the architectural works of world-class masters. Now, let us follow his sharing and savor the architectural culture and master wisdom.

Paris The Foundation Louis Vuitton A Creation beyond the Real World and Human Civilization

Paris has too many world-class buildings, among which the Foundation Louis Vuitton is relatively new. Architect Frank Gehry is the 11th Pulitzer Prize winner. His bold and poetic architectural style is very different from traditional architecture and is rich in futuristicness.

“Frank Gehry’s work is always unpredictable, and his creativity needs constant innovative technology to support and realize it.” Li Weitao said that after seeing it on site,he discovered that he had underestimated it before.“The building volume is far much bigger than I thought. For a building with almost no planes or even a single curved surface, the engineering difficulty and cost brought by the large volume is astounding.” The entrance wall is covered with a photo of Frank Gehry with the founder of LV, projecting a back-bending completion of the dream: time-consuming, massive investment, subversive technical problems... So Li was deeply touched.

“The materials used in this building, the drawingin of light, the connection between steel beams,wood and glass, as well as the design of its smooth flow lines and landscapes, are all highlights. In particular, the 13,500 square meter of glass roof employs disruptive technology" , Li Weitao said. Such a huge and beautiful "monster" is located in a park of Paris, giving people chance to appreciate an art piece beyond the real world and human civilization.“The indoor display is extremely simplistic. There are no objects related to LV luxuries. People pay more attention to the building itself. It is a work of art.”

Switzerland Bellinzona Pass a Work of Symbiosis between Man and Nature

Bellinzona is known as the gateway to the Alps in Italy. Castles and walls featuring medieval legends wind up on the hills of Bellinzona, which has been a pivotal base and center of power disputes since the Roman era. While the castle was built as a military fortress to resist foreign aggression, it is now a museum. The space at the entrance to the mountain is a renovation project with a rather tough architectural style .

Li Weitao did not know much about the architects in Switzerland. His younger alumnus who pursued a master’s degree at Mendrisio recommended this representative architecture. The castle is adjacent to Bellinzona train station and it takes about 10 minutes on foot. Bellinzona is the capital of the Ticino region in southern Switzerland. Influenced by Italy, the romantic temperament of the south is distinct from the rigor of the northern region. “So I saw a very bold design. ”

The entrance is like a road that has been opened from the rock wall. The towering gap leads people’s sights to a height. Entering the passage, the space is getting narrower and smaller. The deepest part is a concrete hemisphere space embedded in the mountain for people to stop to view. A look-up view would give you a concrete patio that stands out from the mountain. “The whole experience is in one go, and it makes people feel refreshed.” Li Weizhen believes that the power of the design of this entrance is the collision of humanity and rock, and it is the work of symbiosis between man and nature.

Japan Tokyo Fuji TV Building A New Attempt in the History of Architectural Design

Among the many Japanese architects, Kenzo Tange is especially appreciated by Li Weitao, and the power contained in his architectural space is impressive. When in Tokyo, Li made a special trip to the Odaiba area to witness this classic and one of the most striking buildings in the area.

The exterior of the building covered by the original-color aluminum panels presents a unique sense of technology manifest in modern architecture. The huge building is particularly spectacular in the open field, which is located on the flank of the building. A covered bridge and its gaps create a good vibe for living in the sky. It is fair to say that it is a brand new attempt in the history of architectural design.

In addition to meeting the most basic functions of the TV station, it also designed a unique tour route, setting a huge spherical watch room on the 25th floor, which was a very special process. The sphere in the air serves as a public exhibition hall to allow visitors to overlook the entire Odaiba area at high altitude,where a series of cultural activities was held. Li Weitao said that these designs reflect the essence of architecture as a carrier that connects people and cities, adding to the charm of the city.

United States Exeter Public Library a Georgian Building

The Exeter Public Library, an excellent work of American architect Louis Kahn, will always be on the world's classic building list. Li Weitao’s worship of the master can be worded as “the god in his heart”. He once visited the library and felt the master’s design charm. “The changes in light and shadow,geometric symmetry, overall structure, function, and the complex and very logical relationship between them prove to be perfect in this building.”

At the beginning of the design, Exeter College put forward specific design requirements: a brick facade that blends with the original Georgian architecture and an indoor environment for learning. Louis Kahn's use of brick materials and an integration of natural light subtly realized the original idea.

The library consists of a double area surrounding the central large space. The inner circle is a collection of books that avoid direct sunlight, while the outer circle is an area designed for readers to read under natural sunlight. The whole space is both open and relatively independent. The first floor of the building is the most attractive place in the library. Standing here, the natural light outside the window illuminates the entire roof, presenting a sacred cross that creates a calm atmosphere.

Pics/the interviewee