恶性肿瘤患者PICC置管的并发症原因及护理分析
2019-04-10唐锦梅x
唐锦梅x
[摘要] 目的 探讨恶性肿瘤患者PICC置管的并發症原因及护理效果。 方法 选取我院2017年2月~2018年2月接诊的100例恶性肿瘤且接受PICC置管的患者进行研究,根据患者的入院资料进行分析整理,对患者PICC置管后出现的并发症发生情况进行分析记录,并研究出并发症的预防措施及发生的主要原因。 结果 所有患者中出现静脉炎5.00%,血栓形成1.00%,感染1.00%,导管堵塞2.00%,导管脱落1.00%,渗血6.00%,100例患者有16.00%发生并发症,经分析调查,恶性肿瘤患者PICC置管的并发症原因与静脉时穿刺的选择、护理方式有着密切的关系。 结论 恶性肿瘤患者PICC置管主要是由导管相关性感染与静脉炎引起的多种并发症,应对患者实施贵要静脉进行穿刺,并采取医院相关性的护理措施,降低并发症的发生。
[关键词] 恶性肿瘤;PICC置管;并发症;护理
[中图分类号] R473.73 [文献标识码] B [文章编号] 1673-9701(2019)04-0135-03
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the causes of complications and nursing effects of PICC catheterization in patients with malignant tumors. Methods A total of 100 patients with malignant tumors who underwent PICC catheterization from February 2017 to February 2018 in our hospital were enrolled in the study. The patient's admission data were analyzed and organized. The occurrence of complications after PICC catheterization was analyzed and recorded. And the preventive measures for complications and the main causes of the complications were studied. Results In all patients, phlebitis accounted for 5.00%, thrombosis 1.00%, infection 1.00%, catheter occlusion 2.00%, catheter detachment 1.00%, oozing 6.00%. 16.00% of 100 patients had complications. After analysis and investigation, the causes of complications of PICC catheterization in patients with malignant tumors were closely related to the choice of venous puncture and the way of nursing. Conclusion The complications of PICC catheterization in patients with malignant tumors are mainly caused by catheter-related infections and phlebitis. Patients should be punctured with basilic vein and hospital-related nursing measures should be taken to reduce complications.
[Key words] Malignant tumor;PICC catheterization;Complications;Nursing
PICC置管是采用导管经外周手臂静脉进行穿刺置管,使导管尖端位于锁骨下静脉的方法,在恶性肿瘤化疗中比较常见的治疗方法,因该病需要长期接受静脉输液和化疗[1]。所以应用PICC置管对患者实施治疗,PICC置管能够降低穿刺静脉次数,提高治疗依从性,防止化疗药物对血管及其他器官带来不同的损伤,改善部分程度疼痛[2]。虽然PICC置管对恶性肿瘤患者的效果明显,可恶性肿瘤属于高消耗性疾病,导致患者防御能力差,而在临床上采取PICC置管的患者常出现诸多并发症,对患者的身体恢复与护理增加了严重的影响[3]。所以对加强PICC置管的恶性肿瘤患者的护理干预十分关键[4]。采用护理模式可有效降低并发症的发生,改善患者的心理压力,其具有帮助患者提高治疗效果的作用。本研究对我院接诊的100例恶性肿瘤患者PICC置管并发症原因及护理效果进行分析,旨在探讨恶性肿瘤PICC置管后并发症原因及护理效果,现报道如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 一般资料
选取我院2017年2月~2018年2月接诊的100例恶性肿瘤且接受PICC置管的患者进行研究,所有患者经病理切片检查确诊患有肿瘤,其中男58例,女42例,年龄26~68岁,平均(53.7±3.09)岁。其中乳腺癌患者20例,大肠癌患者19例,肝癌患者18例,胃癌患者22例,肺癌患者16例,其他肿瘤类型患者5例。所有患者使用的导管均采取PICC置管,并对患者采用药物化疗进行输注。
1.2方法
综上所述,恶性肿瘤患者PICC置管的并发症主要是由静脉炎、渗血、感染、血栓形成等造成,而发生并发症的主要原因与患者静脉穿刺时的选择和采取的护理方法有关。因此,对恶性肿瘤患者PICC置管时应选择贵要静脉,在护理方面应选择住院护理,可有效提高临床疗效,降低并发症的发生率,值得广泛应用及推广。
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(收稿日期:2018-10-15)