阅读七选五考查的五类题

籍万杰

一、段落主题句

通常在说明文中，段落主题句位于段首，考生要先观察其他段落主题句的句式特点，确定可能的选项，再根据段落一致性原则，查找选项和段落中是否有关键词复现等。

（2018年高考全国卷二）●39Studies foundthat people who woke up early for exercise slept betterthan those who exercised in the evening. Exercise ener-gizes you，so it is more difficult to relax and have apeaceful sleep when you are very excited.

●40If you work out bright and early in thernoming ，you will be more likely to stick to healthy foodchoices throughout the day. Who would want to ruin theirgood workout by eating junk food？You will want to con-tinue to focus on positive choices.

A. You will stick to your diet.

B. Your quality of sleep improves.

C. You prefer healthy food to fast food.

D. There is no reason you should exercise in themorning.

E. You can keep your head clear for 4-10 hours af-ter exercise.

F. After you exercise ，you continue to bum caloriesthroughout the day.

G. If you are planning to do exercise regularly，oryou' re doing it now， then listen up！

第39题和第40题分别位于第四段和第五段的段首，空格处很有可能考查段落主题句。观察其他段落主题句后，从形式上看，A、B、C、E符合段落主题句的特点。第39题所在段谈论的是睡眠质量的改善，故选B。第40题所在段谈到你如果一大早就做运动，很可能一整天都选择健康食物，选A。

二、篇章主题句

通常来说，说明文的首段是主题段，首段的末句是全文的主题。如果首段的末句设空.则考虑是篇章主题句。解题时考生要快速查找选项中是否有统领全文的主题句，如Below are some helpful sug-gestions on...;Here are some points/suggestions/steps/tips...;Four ways/steps to...，然后试填到空格中，看文章的谋篇布局是否成立。

（2018年高考浙江卷）Moving intoa new home ina new neighborhood is an exciting experience. Ofcourse，you want to make sure that you become an ac-cepted and valuable part of your new neighborhood. Theeasiest way to accomplish this is to make sure you con-duct yourself as a good neighbor should.31

A. In general，keep an eye on their property whilethey are gone.

B.A good neighboris also one who likes to help outin small ways.

C. Being a good neighbor is more or less about con-siderate behavior.

D. Sometimes neighbors may go to the supermarkettogether to do shopping.

E. Should you come across waste paper thrown outofa passing car， pick it up.

F. People tend to take pride in keeping everythingin their street fresh and inviting.

G. Here area few tips to help you win over everyonein the neighborhood quickly.

第31題在首段的末句，极有可能是篇章主题句。文章第一段谈论如何快速融入新社区，下面的几段分别提供了几个窍门。因此，第一段的最后一句是篇章主题句，选G。

三、段落总结句

如果设空位于段末，设题可分为两种情况：种是承接类，考查设空处与前文的顺承逻辑关系另一种是段落总结句，此时要注意查找选项中是否有表示结论、概括性的语句。特别留意那些表示结果、结论的信号词，如therefore，as a result，thus，tosum up，to conclude，in short，in a word等。另外，选项中也可能出现与主题句呼应的关键词。

（2017年高考全国卷三）●Keep your sleep/wakschedule on weekends. If you're tired out by Fridanight，sleeping in on Saturday could sound wonderfuBut compensatlng on the weekends actually feeds intyour sleepiness the following week，a recent studfound.19

A. Get a sleep specialist.

B. Find the right motivation.

C.A better plan for sleep can help.

D. And consider setting a secondalarm.

E. If the steps you take are work-ing，keepit up.

F. Stick to your set bedtime andwake-up time ，no matter the day.

G. Reconsider the 15 minutes youspend in line at the cafe to get coffee.

第19题位于段末，考虑为段落总结句。本段的主题句是“Keep yoursleep/wake schedule on weekends"，F项是对本段的总结，且呼应主题句。

四、篇章总结句

如果说明文的最后一段不是与前面几段并列的要点，而是对整篇文章的总结，则是篇章总结段。如果在段末设题，则极有可能是篇章总结句。阅读七选五的文章大部分没有总结段，近年来只有2012年高考新课标卷考查了这一类型，但也应引起注意。

（2012年高考新課标卷）These steps aren't mag-ic ，but they do work. And if'you can stay positive as youmake your way through a tough time， you'll help yourselffeel better even faster.75

A. Ask for a helping hand to get you through thetough situation.

B. Notice your friends' feelings and find a way tohelp them.

C. Different people feel stress in different ways.

D. Ah，it feels so good when the stress is gone.

E. You need to figure out what the problemis.

F. And don't forget about your friencls.

G. Then ，finda way to calm down.

该段是文章的末段，设空位于篇尾，并且最后一段是对全文的总结，75题应该是考查篇章总结句。文章介绍了克服压力的四个步骤：获取支持、避免白责、解决问题和保持积极情绪。最后一段说，这些措施并不是万能的，但是的确会起作用。如果你在克服困难的过程中保持积极乐观的心态，你就能更快地帮助白己感觉良好。75题选D。

五、承上启下句

这是考查得最多的一类，通常在文章或段落的中间出现，有时也出现在段落的最后。所设空的句子通常在语境和逻辑方面与上下文有密切的关系。

1.注意特殊疑问词。如果选项中或空前出现特殊疑问词，一定要注意对不同特殊疑问词的回答方式不一样，比如对why的回答，要有because等表原因的词：对when的回答，要有表时间的状语：对where的回答，要有表地点的名词：对how的回答，要有方式状语等。

2.注意表示转折、递进、因果、让步、顺承、举例等逻辑关系的连词或副词。这些连词或副词可以表现句与句之间的关系，通过这些词我们可以推知句子之间的逻辑关系。

3.注意查找是否有关键词的重复。保持对一些线索词的敏感，关注空格前后的名词和动词，并在选项中查找它们的近义词、反义词、同义词或同类词等。

4.注意空格后面句子中的代词或定冠词。通过代词我们能找到它所指代的对象。定冠词所修饰的名词意味着特指，根据这个名词就可以找到含有该名词的相应选项。