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羟考酮与舒芬太尼对宫腔镜手术患者术后恢复质量QoR-40的影响

2019-02-22吴毅欢周敏衣欢

中国现代医生 2019年36期
关键词:羟考酮寒战恶心

吴毅欢 周敏 衣欢

[摘要] 目的 比較羟考酮与舒芬太尼对宫腔镜手术患者术后恢复质量QoR-40的影响。 方法 选取2019年3~5月我院择期行宫腔镜手术患者80例。将患者随机分为羟考酮组(O组)和舒芬太尼组(SF组),每组40例。麻醉诱导O组静脉给予羟考酮0.1 mg/kg,SF组静脉给予舒芬太尼0.1 μg/kg,两组均丙泊酚维持麻醉。主要观察指标:患者术后24 h QoR-40评分;次要观察指标:术后24 h内不良反应(呼吸抑制,恶心、呕吐,寒战)。 结果 与SF组比较,O组患者术后24 h QoR-40评分较高[(187.2±3.1) vs. (175.1±5.2),P<0.05)],其中,O组患者身体舒适度、情绪状态、心理支持和疼痛感受方面评分较高(P<0.05),而两组自理能力评分差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。与SF组比较,O组患者术后呼吸抑制,恶心、呕吐,寒战发生率较低(P<0.05)。 结论 与舒芬太尼0.1 μg/kg静脉注射相比,羟考酮0.1 mg/kg静脉注射的宫腔镜手术患者术后24 h QoR-40评分更高,术后呼吸抑制,恶心、呕吐,寒战更少,患者术后恢复质量得到改善。

[关键词] 羟考酮;舒芬太尼;宫腔镜;恢复质量;QoR-40

[中图分类号] R614.24          [文献标识码] B          [文章编号] 1673-9701(2019)36-0099-03

Effects of oxycodone and sufentanil on postoperative quality of recovery QoR-40 in patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery

WU Yihuan1   ZHOU Min1   YI Huan2

1.Department of Anesthesiology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children`s Hospital, Fuzhou   350001, China 2.Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujian Provincial Maternity and Children`s Hospital, Fuzhou   350001, China

[Abstract] Objective To compare the effects of oxycodone and sufentanil on postoperative quality of recovery QoR-40 in patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery. Methods 80 patients who underwent elective hysteroscopy in our hospital from March to May 2019 were selected and randomly divided into the oxycodone group (group O) and the sufentanil group (group SF), with 40 cases in each group. Group O and group SF were given intravenous oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg and intravenous sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg respectively for induction of anesthesia. In both groups, propofol was used to maintain anesthesia. The primary observation indicator was the QoR-40 score at 24 hours after surgery. The secondary observation indicator was adverse reaction within 24 hours after surgery, including respiratory depression, nausea,vomiting and chills. Results The QoR-40 score of patients in group O was higher than that in group SF at 24 hours after surgery [(187.2±3.1) vs (175.1±5.2),P<0.05)]. Among them, scores for physical comfort,emotional state, psychological support and pain perception in group O were higher (P<0.05),but there was no significant difference in self-care ability scores between the two groups(P>0.05). The incidences of respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting, postoperative chills in group O were lower than those in group SF(P<0.05). Conclusion Compared with intravenous sufentanil 0.1 μg/kg, intravenous oxycodone 0.1 mg/kg in patients undergoing hysteroscopic surgery shows higher QoR-40 scores at 24 hours after surgery, less postoperative respiratory depression, nausea, vomiting and chills, and improved postoperative quality of recovery.

[Key words] Oxycodone; Sufentanil; Hysteroscopy; Quality of recovery; QoR-40

宫腔镜手术用时少、恢复迅速、创伤轻微,是妇科极常见的微创手术[1]。阿片类镇痛药物如舒芬太尼与丙泊酚常被用于宫腔镜手术,但易抑制呼吸,对内脏痛效果欠佳[2]。羟考酮可激动μ、κ受体,抑制内脏痛,不易抑制呼吸[3,4],可减轻宫腔镜手术所引起的应激反应、术后呼吸抑制及宫缩疼痛。

QoR(Quality of Recovery)-40评分量表是国际上较为认可的评价患者术后恢复质量的量表[5],本研究采用此量表,比较羟考酮与舒芬太尼对宫腔镜手术患者术后恢复质量的影响,现报道如下。

1 资料与方法

1.1一般资料

我院2019年3~5月择期宫腔镜手术患者80例,ASA Ⅰ~Ⅱ级,年龄22~45岁,BMI(21~24)kg/m2。排除标准:精神疾病或语言障碍者;急慢性疼痛病史者;药物或酒精滥用者。将患者随机分为羟考酮组(O组)和舒芬太尼组(SF组),每组40例。在不透明的信封中放入本研究的分组方法,除药物输注者知晓分组外,麻醉医师、手术者、患者、麻醉恢复室护士、数据采集者和数据统计者均不知晓。

两组患者年龄、体重、ASA分级、术前24 h QoR-40评分、手术时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),具有可比性。见表1。

1.2方法

术前1 d向患者解释并记录术前24 h QoR-40量表评分。入室后严密监测血氧饱和度、心率、无创血压。麻醉诱导:均面罩给氧6 L/min,静脉给予咪达唑仑0.04 mg/kg,O组静脉给予羟考酮(批号:CA792,萌蒂制药有限公司)0.1 mg/kg,SF组静脉给予舒芬太尼(国药准字:H20054171,宜昌人福药业有限公司)0.1 μg/kg,3 min后两组分别给予丙泊酚2 mg/kg,术中均丙泊酚(2~4)mg/(kg·h)维持。维持血压和心率波动幅度不超过基础状态的30%。术中心率<50 bpm时,阿托品0.2 mg静脉注射;血压<麻醉前30%时,麻黄碱5 mg静脉注射; SPO2<90%时托下颌辅助通气。

1.3 观察指标

主要观察指标:術后24 h的QoR-40量表评分;次要观察指标:术后24 h内发生呼吸抑制,恶心、呕吐,寒战的发生率。

QoR-40量表:身体舒适情况(12项)、情绪状态(9项)、自理能力(5项)、心理支持(7项)和疼痛感受(7项),共40项,每项5级,总分40~200分,得分越多表明术后恢复质量越好[6]。

1.4统计学方法

采用SPSS21.0统计学软件进行分析。用Kolmogorov-Smirnov检验数据正态性;计量资料以均数±标准差(x±s)表示,采用独立样本t检验,计数资料以[n(%)]表示,采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

2.1 两组患者术中麻醉相关时间及丙泊酚用量比较

两组患者麻醉时间比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);与SF组比较,O组患者术麻醉苏醒时间和丙泊酚用药量均减少(P<0.05),见表2。

表2   两组患者术中麻醉相关时间及丙泊酚用量比较(x±s)

2.2 两组患者术后 24 h QoR-40 评分比较

与SF组比较,O组患者术后24 h QoR-40评分较高[(187.2±3.1) vs.(175.1±5.2),P<0.05)];其中,O组患者身体舒适度、情绪状态、心理支持和疼痛感受评分较高(P<0.05),而两组自理能力评分比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),见表3。

2.3两组患者术后不良反应比较

与SF组比较,O组患者术后呼吸抑制,恶心、呕吐,寒战发生率明显减少,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),见表4。

3 讨论

宫腔镜手术疼痛主要来自扩宫、宫内操作时所致的疼痛和术后宫缩痛,主要为内脏痛[7,8]。目前主要用于阿片类药物与丙泊酚麻醉[9]。但大多阿片类药物如舒芬太尼,仅激动μ受体(μ受体主要与痛觉、呼吸、恶心、呕吐有关),而未激动κ受体,对内脏痛效果欠佳,易致呼吸抑制、恶心呕吐等[10]。

羟考酮是唯一可激动μ、κ受体的阿片类药物,2~3 min起效,5 min达峰,4 h持久镇痛[4]。羟考酮不抑制呼吸,不延长苏醒时间,可阻断中枢神经系统迷走神经兴奋[11],抑制去甲肾上腺素、5-羟色胺等递质释放,提升寒战阈值,从而减少恶心、呕吐、寒战的出现[4,12]。本研究结果中,与SF组比较,O组患者术后呼吸抑制,恶心、呕吐,寒战发生率明显减少(P<0.05),术中丙泊酚用量和麻醉苏醒时间明显减少(P<0.05),与既往研究结果一致。κ受体激动作用,对宫腔镜所致的术中扩宫、宫内操作时疼痛和术后宫缩痛具有独特优势,有研究表明[4,13],与SF组比较,O组患者扩宫、宫内操作时血流动力学波动更小。而麻醉药用量少、苏醒快、术后不良反应少、稳定的血流动力学和有效的镇痛均有助于患者术后康复。

随着术后加速康复外科(ERAS)的推进,宫腔镜手术患者术后恢复质量越来越被重视[14]。QoR-40 量表被广泛用于评价患者术后恢复质量[4,15]。因创伤应激,与SF组比较,O组患者术后24 h QoR-40评分较高[(187.2±3.1) vs.(175.1±5.2),P<0.05)],患者术后恢复质量较好。其中,术后24 h身体舒适度、情绪状态、心理支持和疼痛感受评分较高(P<0.05),羟考酮减少麻醉药用量,患者苏醒快,抑制患者术中、术后内脏痛,减少术后不良反应,使身心舒适度提高,从而改善患者术后恢复质量。而两组自理能力方面比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05),考虑手术创伤轻微,恢复快,患者第2天或术后数小时即可下床活动,生活自理不受影响。

綜上所述,与舒芬太尼0.1 μg/kg静脉注射相比,羟考酮0.1 mg/kg静脉注射的宫腔镜手术患者术后24 h QoR-40评分更高,术后呼吸抑制,恶心、呕吐,寒战发生率更少,宫腔镜手术患者术后恢复质量得到改善,在临床中值得推广。

[参考文献]

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[3] Nakajima N. Effectiveness of rapid titration with intravenous administration of oxycodone injection in advanced cancer patients with severe pain[J]. Jpn J Clin Oncol,2019,14(1):332-339.

[4] Kokki H,Kokki M,Sjovall S. Oxycodone for the treatment of postoperative pain[J]. Expert Opinion on Pharma Cotherapy,2012,13(7):1045-1058.

[5] Surender,Arora P,Khurana G,et al. Comparison of postoperative quality of recovery and pain relief with preoperative single-dose dexamethasone and lignocaine after laparoscopic cholecystectomy[J]. Anesth Essays Res,2018, 12(3):630-635.

[6] Tanaka Y,Yoshimura A,Taqawa K,et al. Use of quality of recovery score(QoR40) in the assessment of postoperative recovery and evaluation of enhanced recovery after surgery protocols[J]. J Anesth,2014,28(1):156-159.

[7] Utida GM,Kulak J Jr. Hysteroscopic and aspiration biopsies in the histologic evaluation of the endometrium,a comparative study[J]. Medicine(Baltimore),2019,98(40):e17183.

[8] Shoab AY,Magwd AM,Ramadan W,et al. The value of endocervical and endometrial lidocaine flushing before office hysteroscopy:A randomized controlled trial[J]. Int J Gynaecol Obstet,2019,27(6):1014-1022.

[9] 孟剑. 羟考酮复合丙泊酚麻醉用于宫腔镜手术的临床效果分析[J]. 中国处方药,2019,17(9):100-102.

[10] Baker DE. Formulary drug review:Sufentanil sublingual[J].Hosp Pharm,2019,54(4):222-228.

[11] Kim SI,Ha KY,An HS,et al. Sex-specific and age-specific analgesia for early postoperative pain management after lumbar decompressive surgery:A randomized clinical trial[J]. Clin Spine Surg,2019,32(7):E311-E318.

[12] Tao B,Liu K,Wang D,et al. Effect of intravenous oxycodone versus sufentanil on the incidence of postoperative nausea and vomiting in patients undergoing gynecological laparoscopic surgery[J]. J Clin Pharmacol,2019, 59(8):1144-1150.

[13] 孙星峰,董苏琳,黄绍强,等. 不同剂量羟考酮复合异丙酚和瑞芬太尼用于宫腔镜手术患者的麻醉效果[J]. 复旦学报(医学版),2019,46(4):504-507,514.

[14] Li J,Zhu H,Liao R. Enhanced recovery after surgery(ERAS)pathway for primary hip and knee arthroplasty:Study protocol for a randomized controlled trial[J]. Trials,2019,20(1):599.

[15] Zhang YF,Li CS,Lu XH,et al. Effect of dexmedetomidine combined with propofol or sevoflurane general anesthesia on stress and postoperative quality of recovery(QoR-40)in patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery[J]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi,2019,99(17):1302-1306.

(收稿日期:2019-10-28)

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