弥异所与千城万貌

朱文一 / ZHU Wenyi

朱文一（清华大学）

ZHU Wenyi, Tsinghua University, China

1 弥异所

30年前，我研究空间时，读到墨子关于空间的论述。“守（宇），弥异所也。”意指“东西家南北”。这是中国文化语境下的“场所”概念。场所强调人的空间，所谓“诗意的栖居”。而弥异所也强调人的空间，准确地说是“家”的空间。中国文化语境中的人更多地体现为“家”。我在《院的本质与文化内涵》一文中阐述了“弥异所”与“场所”的异同。弥异所一词的关键是“异所”，即处于不同位置的空间。弥异所强调空间的差异性、地方性和识别性；关注空间中不同人群的活动；体现活动与空间的匹配关系。这是弥异所概念的阐释。

2 千城万貌

近年来，网络上兴起网红打卡地。每一个地区、每一座城市都有自己的网红打卡地。民间对空间品质追求的热情“跃然网上”。网红打卡地不仅吸引外地游客，同样也受到当地居民的喜爱，成为城市丰富性、多样性和识别性的直接体现。可以认为，每一处网红打卡地都很好地诠释了弥异所的精神。

针对目前城市发展过程中出现的千城一面困局，网红打卡地的出现如一缕清风，从非专业的角度给出了打破千城一面困局的一剂药方。由此可以对“弥异所”进行再阐释。弥异所是时代性、地方性和识别性的代名词，可以理解为：第一，给人带来震撼感的场所，所谓意料之外、全新呈现；第二，给人带来代入感的场所，所谓情理之中、参与其中；第三，给人带来既视感的场所，所谓似曾相识、流连忘返。

这样的弥异所多了，千城一面就可能变成千城万貌。这是《城市设计》期刊[千城万貌]（City Kaleido）栏目设置的初衷和目标。本期刊登了中国15个城市的弥异所（001—015）。

3 “弥异所”

今天，以弥异所命名的学术研究小组“弥异所”（英文为MiYiSuo Group）成立了。“弥异所”要做的事情：一是以城市设计为视角，整合建筑、规划、景观、艺术等不同专业领域，建立跨界的设计眼光及其平台；二是遵循“高手在民间”，从网络上成千上万个网红打卡地中发掘城市中自发形成的弥异所，所谓没有建筑师的建筑，填补城市设计领域的研究空白;三是结合网络空间，搭建专业与民众之间的桥梁，探索全民参与城市空间品质提升平台。

“弥异所”将是图像数据的平台、交流互动的平台、观点分享的平台。

1 Miyisuo

Thirty years ago, when I was studying urban space, I read about Mozi’s discussion of space. “Space is consists of different places.” It means the East, the West, the South,the North around home. This is the concept of “place” in the context of Chinese culture.The place emphasizes the space of people,the so-called “poetic dwelling”. The Miyisuo also emphasizes the space of people, which is precisely the space of “home”. People in the Chinese cultural context are more embodied in the “home”. In the article “The Nature and Cultural Connotation of the Courtyard”,I expounded the similarities and differences between “Miyisuo” and “place”. The key to the word disparity is “extraordinary”, that is,space in different positions. Miyisuo emphasizes the difference, locality and identity of space; pays attention to the activities of different groups of people in space; reflects the matching relationship between activities and space. This is the interpretation of the concept of the Miyisuo.

2 City Kaleido

In recent years, there has been some places recognized by people on internet like online celebrity, so called as Online Celebrity Place. Every region and every city has its Online Celebrity Place, The Online Celebrity Place not only attract tourists from outside,but also fascinate local residents and become direct reflections of the city's richness,diversity and identity. In my opinion, such places like City Kaleido are good interpretation of the spirit of Miyisuo.

There are more lost spaces in the modern cities that people can not identify where they are. The Online Celebrity Place are changing and stimulating the lost spaces to active spaces where people love to go. This makes it possible to reinterpret the “Miyisuo”, which can be understood as this：first,places that give people a sense of shock, socalled unexpected and new presentations;second, places that give people a sense of substitution, so-called rationality, participation in it; third, places that bring people a"deja vu", so-called “already seen”.

The more such a place is, the more beautiful the city with its identity is. This is the original intention and goal of the column City Kaleido of the “Urban Design” journal.There are 15 MiYiSuo Places (001—015) in Chinese cities respectively in this issue of the journal.

3MiYiSuo Group

Today, the academic research group Mi-YiSuo Group is established. What should people do in MiYiSuo Group are like this：First,from the perspective of urban design, you should integrate different fields of architecture, planning, landscape, art, etc., and establish a cross-border design vision and its platform; second, from the thousands of Online Celebrity Place, you can discover the spontaneously formed disparity in the city, so-called buildings without architect. The third is to build a relationship between professionals and the public on internet. It explores the platform for quality improvement of urban space in which all people participate.

MiYiSuo will be a platform for data information, a platform for exchange and interaction, and a platform for sharing ideas.