Module 11 Units 1-4 单元点拨
2019-02-18吴涛
Unit 1
一、重点词汇
1. reflect v.
【课文原句再现】 The last year of high school is a time for hard work and also a time to reflect. (P.2,L.1) 高中的最后一年是勤奋学习的时刻,也是认真思考的时刻。
【点拨】 反射;反映,表现,如:Mirrors reflect light. 镜子能反射光线。
【拓展】 reflect on思考,如:The investigation reflects on her character. 调查 (的结果) 表明她的品格是有问题的。reflection n. 反射,反照,如:Can you see your reflection in the glass? 你能看到镜中的映像吗? on / upon reflection=on second thought经再三考虑;be lost in reflection / thought陷入沉思
2. support vt. / n.
【课文原句再现】 Many actors, actresses and models hold ordinary, less glamorous jobs, in order to support themselves. (P.2,L.13) 为了养活自己,许多演员和模特做一些普通的、没那么风光的工作,……
【点拨】 1) 支撑;托住,如:The roof may need extra support. 这个房顶需要额外的支撑物。
2) 养活;资助;鼓励;帮助,如:Tom has to support a large family. 汤姆得养活一大家子人。
3) 拥护;支持,如:Which volleyball team do you support? 你支持哪个排球队?
【拓展】 be in support of sb. / sth. 支援某人/某物,如:They signed a petition in support of the pay claim.他们在请愿书上签名支持这次加薪要求。
supportable adj. 可忍受的;supporter n.支持者;support group互助组;supporting role配角
【高考链接】 1) There is no need to tell me your answer now. Give it some and then let me know. (2015安徽卷30)
A. thought B. support
C. protection D. authority
【解析】 A。句意:現在没必要告诉我答案,你再思考一下,之后告诉我。A思考;B支持;C保护;D权威,当局。这里指让对方再好好想想,故选A。
2) It is widely acknowledged that students should be in terms of overall quality. (2014福建卷25)
A. supportedB. matched
C. evaluatedD. controlled
【解析】 C。句意:普遍认为应该根据学生的全部素养来评估他们。A. support支持;B. match匹配;C. evaluate评估;D. control控制。根据句意,选C。
3. option n.
【课文原句再现】 Maybe a career as a local grocer would be a better option. (P.2,L.19)可能做一名当地的杂货店店主会是更好的选择。
【点拨】 选择;选择权;选择自由,可选择的东西任选项;取舍;任意,如:There are four options in our college. 我们大学里有四门选修课。
We have two options—either we sell the house or we rent it out. 我们有两种选择——或是卖掉房子,或是将其出租。
【拓展】 at one's option随意;have no option / choice / alternative but to do不得不做某事;leave one's options open暂不做选择;留有选择余地;leave to one's option任意选择;make one's option进行选择,如:There are three options open to us in that matter. 在那个问题上我们有三个选择的可能。
optional adj. 可选择的,如:Family Album, USA is an optional subject in our school. 走遍美国在我们学校是一门选修课。Attendance at the lecture is optional. 这一讲座可随意参加。
4. tough adj.
【课文原句再现】 ..., you have to make tough decisions that hurt people. (P.2,L.25) ...,你得做出一些会伤害到别人的艰难决定。
【拓展】 1) 坚韧的;有韧性的,如:as tough as leather坚韧如皮革
2) 严酷的;苛刻的,如:a tough winter 一个严寒的冬天。
3) 困难的;费力的;难切难吃的,如:tough meat老肉
4) 困难的;费力的或麻烦的,如:a tough job棘手的工作;a tough team一个难以应付的团队
5) 坚决的;强硬的;顽强的,如:a tough policy强硬的政策;a tough law 严格的法律
【高考链接】 —Why didn't you invite John to your birthday party?(2015江苏卷33)
—Well, you know he's .
A. an early bird B. a wet blanket
C. a lucky dog D. a tough nut
【解析】 考查英语俗语。an early bird早起者,早到者;a wet blanket扫兴的人;a lucky dog幸运儿;a tough nut难对付的人;难题。根据情景,应该选B。
5. suited adj.
【课文原句再现】 ..., some people find more unusual jobs that are better suited to their talents and interests... (P.3,L.28) 一些人觉得比较与众不同的工作更符合他们的天赋和兴趣。
【点拨】 合适,适当,be suited to do / for doing / for sth.; be suited to sb. 或者suit sth. to sb. 适于,如:He is best suited to do / for doing / for this task.他最适宜干这项工作。
A good teacher suits his lessons to the age of his students.一位好老师使他的课适宜学生。
【拓展】 suit vt. (1) 满足;取悦;适应;对……方便 Any time will suit me. 什么时候我都行。
(2) 适合,适当,如:That dress suits you. 那套衣服你穿起来挺合适。
suit / satisfy / cater to / meet one's needs / demands 满足某人的需求
【辨析】 suitable 和fit
(1) suitable 的动词形式是suit, 与动词fit都有“合适”之意,但也有区别。以衣服为例,fit是指大小尺寸合适,而suit则是表示衣服穿着很好看,包括款式和花式都合适。如:
Do you think this style suits me? 你觉得这种款式适合我穿吗?
These shoes don't fit me. 这鞋我穿着不合适。
【高考链接】 She the carpet with some very nice curtains in color.(2013江西卷31)
A. connected B. fitted
C. equipped D. matched.
【解析】 该题考查动词搭配。A. connect... with 用……把……连接起来,把……联系起来;B.与fit经常搭配的介词是to,使……适合……,适应;C. equip... with... 用……装备、使具备;D. match... with 使……相配。根据句意:她把彩色的漂亮窗帘与地毯搭配起来。应该选D。
(2) 形容词suitable后可接for sth.和to sb.,如:
I don't think she should be suitable for the post. 我认为她不适合这个职位。
The job was not suitable to me. 那工作不适合我。
(3) 形容词fit后只能接介词for或to do,如:
It would be months before he was fit for the work. 要过几个月他才能适合这工作。
The water in this river is unfit (for us) to drink. 这河里的水不能饮用。
6. available adj.
【课文原句再现】 It really made me think about the different options available to me. (P.5) 这真的让我想起我要的不同的选择。
【點拨】 可获得的,可购得的,可找到的,有空的,如:We must use all available resources.我们必须利用可以得到的一切资源。This book is not easily available. 这本书可不好买。
【拓展】 available for可用于……的;对……有效的;能参加……的;available to可以用来,现有的;对……有效;availably adv. 有效用地;可获得地;availability n. 可用性;有效性;可得性
【高考链接】 —I want to see Mr. White. We have an appointment. (2017天津卷3)
—I'm sorry, but he is not at the moment, for the meeting hasn't ended.
A. busyB. active
C. concernedD. available
【解析】 D句意:——我想見怀特先生,我们有约。——对不起,他现在没空,因为会议还没有结束。A.忙碌的;B.积极的,活跃的;C.关心的;D.有空的。根据语境选D。
7. approach v.
【课文原句再现】 This allows our hospital to work better than if we only approached problems one way. (P.11) 这使我们医院的工作效率比我们只用一种方法处理问题更高。
【点拨】 对付,处理,向……靠近 n. 方法,如:He didn't approach the gate. 他没有立即走近大门。
A storm is approaching.暴风雨即将来临。
【拓展】 approach a problem 处理问题;approach sb. on (或 about) sth. 为某事同某人打交道; the approach to a bridge引桥
【高考链接】 He did not easily, but was willing to accept any constructive advice for a worthy cause. (2016江苏卷25)
A. approach B. wrestle
C. compromise D. communicate
【解析】 C。考查动词辨析。动词approach靠近,接近;wrestle摔跤,斗争,努力解决;compromise妥协;和解;让步;communicate交流;根据句意可知C项正确。
二、重点词组
1. go through... 经历……
【课文原句再现】 As we go through our daily lives, we meet many different kinds of people. (P.3,L.40)在我们的日常生活中,我们要接触到许多不同的人。
【点拨】 (1) 遭受,经历,如:They have all gone through the war. 他们都经历过这场战争。
(2) 仔细检查,审查,如:The customs staff went through our luggage. 海关人员检查了我们的行李。
(3) 穿过;通过,如:The telephone call quickly went through. 电话很快接通了。
其他词组:as far as it goes就目前情况来说;go down 下降;倒下;go with 伴随;跟……相配;协调;go against 违背;反对;抵抗;go in for 参加;喜欢;go all out全力以赴
【高考链接】 There is no doubt that this candidate's advantage his ability to communicate with foreigners in English.(2015湖北卷25)
A. leaves out B. goes against
C. lies in D. makes up
【解析】 C。句意:毫无疑问,这位候选人的优势在于他能够用英语和外国人交流。A项“遗漏,省略”;B项“违背,和……作对”;C项“在于”;D项“编造,组成,化妆,和好”。故选C项。
2. go about sth.
【课文原句再现】 These people, ..., allow others to go about their daily lives.(P.3,L.46) 这些人……,使其他人得以继续他们的日常生活。
【点拨】 从事,着手做, 继续做……,如:Go about your business. 忙你自己的事情去吧。
He went about doing good. 他经常做好事。
【拓展】 go about one's daily routine 忙于日常事务;go with 一起去,伴随,与……相配,和……交朋友;go about (doing) sth. 开始,着手,如:How do you go about repairing the machine? (= set about)
【高考链接】 It is said that body language 55 per cent of a first impression while what you say just 7 per cent. (2015福建卷25)
A. lies in B. accounts for
C. consists of D. goes with
【解析】 B。考查短语辨析。A. lies in 在于;B. accounts for说明、占;C. consists of包括;D. goes with相伴。该句意思为:据说身体语言占了第一印象的百分之五十五,而你所说的话只占百分之七。故选B。
3. bring... to... 把……带到……
【课文原句再现】 Another advantage of having male nurses is that they... and bring a male way of thinking to solving problems. (P.11) 拥有男护士的另一个好处是,他们……,并能以男性的思维方式来解决问题。
【拓展】 Will you bring her to Tom's party? 请你带她去汤姆的宴会,好不好?
其他词组:bring about造成,导致;bring back送回,使回忆,恢复(健康);bring down打落,降低,打倒;bring in引进,收获,产生,介绍;bring out使显现,阐明,出版;bring to an end结束;bring up养育;呕吐
【高考链接】 1) Working with the medical team in Africa has the best in her as a doctor.(2017江苏卷25)
A. held out B. brought out
C. picked out D. given out
【解析】 B。考查短语辨析。hold out坚持;提供机会;伸出手;bring out使显现,阐明,出版;pick out使容易看见,找出,精心挑选,认出来;give out用完,停止运行,分发,发出,公布。句意:在非洲同医疗队一起工作已经使她表现出了最好的一面。这里取“使显现”之意,故选B。
2) When their children lived far away from them, these old people felt from the world.(2016浙江卷12)
A. carried away B. broken down
C. cut off D. brought up
【解析】 C。考查动词短语。句意:当孩子远离他们生活的时候,这些老人感觉和世界隔绝了。carry away 带走,夺走;break down崩溃,破坏,抛锚,分解;cut off切断;bring up養育,培养。故选C。
4. take pleasure in... 乐于……
【课文原句再现】 These people take great pleasure in influencing and persuading others, ... (P.15,L.51)这类人从影响、说服别人,……中获得极大的乐趣。
【拓展】 He took pleasure in the sight of his child studying. 他一见他的孩子学习就高兴。
其他词组:at one's pleasure随便,听便,随意;for pleasure为了取乐,作为消遣;during one's pleasure乘某人高兴时;with pleasure高兴的,乐意的
【高考链接】 1) —Hello Jenny, can I see Ms. Lewis? (2015重庆卷15)
— . I'll tell you're here.
A. With pleasure B. Never mind
C. You're welcome D. Just a minute
【解析】 句意:你好,简妮,我能找一下路易斯女士吗? 请稍等,我给你叫她。根据语境可知这是在打电话,故选D项。
2) —Hi, Dr Brown! I'm a little early. Should I wait outside? (2015福建卷35)
—No. .
A. That's right B. My pleasure
C. Come on in D. Take it easy
【解析】 该题考查句子衔接。A. That's right对了;B. My pleasure 我的荣幸;C. Come on in 请进;D. Take it easy放松。该句意思为:——你好,布朗医生,我来的有点早,我应该在外面等么?——不,进来吧。结合语境来看,布朗医生并不觉得病人来得早,所以让病人进来了。故选C。
3) —Sorry, Liz. I think I was a bit rude to you. (2015天津卷1)
— , but don't do that again!
A. Go ahead B. Forget it
C. It depends D. With pleasure
【解析】 A. go ahead前进,进展;B. forget it把它忘掉吧, 算了吧;C. it depends视情况而定;D. with pleasure高兴的,乐意的。根据语境应该选B。
Unit 2
一、重点词汇
1. process n.
【课文原句再现】 We can split the interview process into three parts. (P.18,L.10) 我们可以把面试过程分为三个部分。
【点拨】 过程,进程,流程,如:the digestive process消化过程;an advanced industrial process先进的工作生产流程
【拓展】 in the process同时,在……过程中
v. 加工,处理,冲印 processed cheese经过加工的奶酪
Your application for a mortgage is being processed. 你申请抵押贷款的事正在办理中。
【高考链接】 Studies have shown that the right and left ear sound differently. (2015浙江卷5)
A. produce B. pronounce
C. process D. download
【解析】 句意:研究已经表明,左耳和右耳处理声音是不同的。A意为“生产或制造”,B意为“发音”,C意为“处理”,D意为“下载”。该题考查的是词义辨析,4个选项的意思都非常的不一样,所以在作答的时候,要每一个单词都代入空格进行翻译,找出最佳答案。根据常识,耳朵不能够生产或制造,不能发音,更不可能下载。所以答案只能是“处理”,也就是C。
2. split (split, split) vt. 劈开,切开,分开
【拓展】 split up 1)把……劃分 2)相当于break up 离婚,分手,断绝关系
split up a farm into 5 lots 将农田划分为5块
Her parents split up a few months ago. 她的父母几个月之前离婚了。
【高考链接】 If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea? (2015浙江卷16)
A. float B. drown
C. shrink D. split
【解析】 A。句意:既然铁重于水,为什么船可以浮在水面上。A. float意为“漂浮”;B. drown意为“淹死”;C. shrink意为“收缩”;D. split意为“洒出”。此题考查的是4个动词的词义辨析,正确理解这4个词及结合常识可以得出答案。
3. switch vt. / vi. / n.
【课文原句再现】 At night, we couldn't just hit a light switch; ... (P.31,L.30) 在夜里,我们不能只是按一下电灯开关……
【点拨】 vt. 转换;用鞭子等抽打;vi. 转换;抽打;n. 开关;转换;鞭子,如:fall asleep at the switch 失职,玩忽职守。
The radio is programmed to switch itself on at 6:30. 这台收音机已调好在六点半开机。
【高考链接】 A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help your year ahead. (2017江苏卷30)
A. shape B. switch
C. stretchD. sharpen
【解析】 A。考查动词辨析。A. shape塑造,决定……的形成,影响……的发展;B. switch转变,交换,调班;C. stretch拉长,拉紧,伸展,伸长;D. sharpen提高,使尖锐,变得清晰。句意:快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
二、重点词组
1. off the top of one's head
【课文原句再现】 ...and means you won't have to answer questions off the top of your head during the interview. (P.18,L.17)..., 并意味着在面试时你不用临时仓促应答。
【点拨】 off the top of one's head 未加思考的,不假思索地,信口地,即兴地,猜测,猜想,如:I can't tell you the answer off the top of my head. 我不经考虑无法告诉你答案。
He can answer difficult questions off the top of his head. 他能信口回答难题。
【拓展】 talk off the top of one's head即席发表谈话;choke off阻塞;log off (电脑)关机,下线;put off推迟,拖延;show off展示,炫耀;be badly off贫穷;be well off富有;set off出发,动身
【高考链接】 1) —What happened? Your boss seems to . (2018江苏卷35)
—Didn't you know his secretary leaked the secret report to the press?
A. be over the moon B. laugh his head off
C. be all ears D. fly off the handle
【解析】 D。be over the moon 非常高兴,乐疯了; laugh his head off 大笑不止; be all ears 洗耳恭听;fly off the handle 失去控制,发火。根据句意,选D。
2) —What does the stuff on your Tshirt mean?
—It's nothing. Just something . (2017江苏卷33)
A. as clear as day
B. off the top of my head
C. under my nose
D. beyond my wildest dreams
【解析】 B。考查习惯用语。A. as clear as day显而易见,容易理解;B. off the top of my head没有考虑;C. under my nose就在我眼皮底下(都没有察觉);D. beyond my wildest dreams远远出乎意料,做梦都没有想到。句意:——你T恤上的东西是什么意思? ——没什么特别的意思。只是灵光一闪,随便写的。故选B。
2. make (an) allowance for 考虑到
【课文原句再现】 ..., make allowance for the traffic and make sure you are on time, or even a little bit early. (P.19,L.32)..., 你要考慮到交通状况,确定准时,甚至提前一点。
【拓展】 同义词:consider; 同义词组: take something into consideration。如:The plan doesn't take people working on night shifts into consideration. 该计划没考虑上夜班的人。
My brother made no allowance for my shorter legs, and I had to run to keep up. 我哥哥不考虑我的腿较短,我得跑步才能跟上他。
其他短语:make allowances体谅,顾及; housing allowance住房津贴;make a face做鬼脸;make friends with与……交朋友;make up和解;化妆;make up of由……组成;make up one's mind下决心;make an effort to do sth. 努力做某事;make good use of好好利用;make the most of=make the best of充分利用;be made from由……制成(看不出原材料);be made of由……制成(能看出原材料);be made up of由……组成;make for走向;有利于;make oneself understood表白自己;make out起草;理解;开(支票等);make up弥补;编造;补偿;make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会;make an appointment for 预约时间;make efforts做出努力
【高考链接】 1) —Good morning, Mr. Lee's office. (2018北京卷14)
—Good morning. I'd like to make an appointment next Wednesday afternoon.
A. for B. on
C. in D. at
【解析】 A。make an appointment with sb. 与某人约会;make an appointment for 预约时间,根据句意选A。
2) More efforts, as reported, in the years ahead to accelerate the supplyside structural reform. (2016江苏卷22)
A. are made B. will be made
C. are being made D. have been made
【解析】 B。本句的时间状语“in the years ahead在今后的几年中”,表示将来,通常和现在完成时连用,且efforts与动词make构成被动关系,所以使用被动语态。
3) See, your computer has broken down again! It doesn't sense to buy the cheapest brand of computer just to save a few dollars. (2015天津卷14)
A. have B. make
C. display D. bring
【解析】 B。句意:看,你的电脑又坏了!只为省几美元买最便宜牌子的电脑是没有意义的。考查动词短语的固定搭配:make sense有意义。根据句意可知选B。
3. in response to 作为对……的回应,答复
【课文原句再现】 I'm writing in response to your advertisement in the Local Daily for a software Engineer.(P.27)我在写信回应你们在当地日报聘请一位软件工程师。
【拓展】 response n.,其动词形式为respond; respond to 作为对……的回应,答复;make a response 作出回应,作出回复,如:He responded to my suggestion with a laugh. =He laughed in response to my suggestion.他对我的建议报以一笑。
【高考链接】 1) These comments came specific questions often asked by local newsmen. (2015浙江卷17)
A. in memory of B. in response to
C. in touch with D. in possession of
【解析】 句意:这些评论是对某些经常被当地新闻人问到的问题的回应。A. in memory of 纪念;B. in response to 回应;C. in touch with 联系;D. in possession of 拥有。分析句子成分知道空格处充当介词短语作状语的作用,根据常识和句意,评论应该是对问题的回应。所以答案应该是B. in response to回应。
2) I am always delighted when I receive an email from you. the party on July 1st I shall be pleased to attend.(2013江苏卷26)
A. On account of B. In response to
C. In view of D. With regard to
【解析】 句意:当我收到你的电子邮件时,总是很高兴的。关于7月1日的聚会,我将非常高兴参加。A. on account of因为,由于;B. in response to对……做出回应;C. in view of考虑到,鉴于;D. with regard to关于,至于。根据句意,选择D。
Unit 3
一、重点词汇
1. receipt n.
【课文原句再现】 ..., and his company's receipts grew by 600% over the previous year. (p.34,L.26)...,他的公司收入比前一年增长了600%。
【点拨】 收到;收据;收入,如:I wrote her a receipt for the money. 我为那笔钱给她开了张收据。
【拓展】 v. 收到,开收据,如:His work is to receipt for each lot of goods. 他的工作是给每一批货物开收据。
【高考链接】 —Can you tell us your for happiness and a long life? (2016江苏卷24)
—Living every day to the full, definitely.
A. recipe B. record
C. range D. receipt
【解析】 A。试题分析:考查名词词义辨析。名词recipe秘诀,食谱,药方;record记录;range范围;receipt收據,收条;根据句意可知A项意为“秘诀”,与上下文相符。
2. tire v.
【课文原句再现】 ..., Sinclair had tired of his various businesses, and was throwing himself into British Mensa, ...(P.35,L.44) ……Sinclair对他的各项生意已感到厌倦,而将精力投入到……英国门萨俱乐部。
【点拨】 vi. 疲劳;厌倦;vt. 使……疲劳;使……厌倦;n. 轮胎;头饰,如:The girl tires easily. 这女孩容易疲劳。If driving tires you, take the train. 如果开车使你疲劳,那就坐火车吧。The right tire blew out. 右轮胎爆裂了。
【拓展】 tire of 厌倦,厌烦,如:I have tired of these computer games. 我已经对这些电脑游戏感到厌烦。
tired adj. 疲倦的;厌倦的,厌烦的,如:He dragged his tired feet slowly along. 他拖着疲倦的步子慢慢地走着。Michael is tired and he has to rest. 迈克尔累了,他不得不休息。
be tired out=be worn out 疲惫不堪;be tired of=be bored with 厌倦了,如:They were cold, hungry and tired out. 他们又冷又饿,疲惫不堪。You may be tired of working for someone else.你可能厌倦了为别人工作了。
3. boom v.
【课文原句再现】 He was its chairman from 1980 to 1997, and Meensa's membership figures boomed under his direction. (P.35,L.45) 他于1980至1997年担任该俱乐部主席,门萨的会员人数在他的管理之下大幅增长。
【点拨】 vt. 使兴旺;发隆隆声;vi. 急速發展;发隆隆声;n. 繁荣;吊杆;隆隆声。如:How long can the present business boom last? 目前这种商业繁荣能持续多久?But some of the boom is based on hope. 但是,也有些繁荣是建立在希望之上。
【拓展】 boom town 新兴城市;boom years=boom times 繁荣时期;boom out 低沉地发出;用低沉的声音说话。如:They had the jobs in the boom times and bought homes. 他们曾经在经济繁荣的时代有过工作,买了房子。I've been in Las Vegas for 20 years and it's always been a boom town. 我已在拉斯维加斯20年了,它一直都是一个繁荣的城市。His voice boomed out from his office. 他的声音响亮地从办公室里发出来。
4. possess v.
【课文原句再现】 Sinclair has been successful because he possesses both the intelligence and a firm will to succeed. (P.35,L.53) 辛科莱取得了成功,因为他同时拥有智慧和坚信成功的意志。
【点拨】 vt. 拥有,具备;持有;控制;使掌握。如:Some animals possess the characteristic of man.有些动物具有人类的特征。
【拓展】 possessive adj. 所有的;占有的;所有格的;possession n. 拥有;财产;领地;自制;着迷。常用词组:have possession of拥有;take/ gain / get possession of拿到,占有;in possession of拥有;in one's possession=in the possession of sb.某物为某人所有
5. shrink v.
【课文原句再现】 My father has been successful as he never shrinks from helping others.(P.47,L.39)我的父亲是成功的,因为在帮助别人时他从不退缩。
【点拨】 vt. 退缩;使缩小;使收缩;vi. 收缩;畏缩;n. 收缩;畏缩。如:This kind of cloth shrinks easily.这种布爱缩水。How much must we allow for the shrink?要留多少缩水长度?There's a cat shrinking on the sofa. 有只猫蜷缩在沙发上。
【拓展】 shrink into oneself 缩作一团;变得沉默寡言;shrink from sb. 不见某人;shrink from doing sth. 不愿做某事。如:Facing the disease, no one can shrink from helping the victims.面对这一灾难,没有人会不伸出援手,帮助那些受灾的人。
【高考链接】 If steel is heavier than water, why are ships able to on the sea? (2015浙江卷16)
A. float B. drown
C. shrink D. split
【解析】 A。句意:既然铁重于水,为什么船可以浮在水面上。A. float意为“漂浮”;B. drown意为“淹死”;C. shrink意为“收缩”;D. split意为“洒出”。此题考查的是4个动词词义的辨析,正确理解这4个词及结合常识可以得出答案。
二、重点词组
1. take off
【课文原句再现】 ..., demand was high and the business simply took off. (P.34,L.16)需求巨大,生意快速取得了成功。
【点拨】 take off 起飞;脱下;离开;休假;成功,如:The plane will take off at ten.飞机将于十点钟起飞。He wouldn't take his hat off.他不愿脱下他的帽子。Her schedule hadn't permitted her to take time off.她的日程表已不允许她休假。Smith took off at once and headed for the hotel. 史密斯出人意料地立即就离开了,然后回到了旅馆。In 2008, he met Alice, and his career took off.他于2008年遇到爱丽丝,从此他的事业飞黄腾达。
【高考链接】 Many businesses started up by college students have thanks to the comfortable climate for business creation. (2016江苏卷30)
A. fallen off B. taken off
C. turned offD. left off
【解析】 B。试题分析:考查动词短语辨析。短语fall off跌落,下降;take off起飞,成功,受欢迎;turn off关闭;leave off停止,中断;根据句意可知B正确。
【拓展】 由take构成的其他词组:take away拿去,取走,減去;take down拿下,取下,记下;take hold of抓住,掌握;take in收进,理解,欺骗;take out取出,除去;take part in参加;take it easy别紧张,悠然自得,轻轻松松;take up拿起,开始从事,接纳,占;take advantage of利用
【高考链接】 I'm going to advantage of this tour to explore the history of the castle. (2016天津卷12)
A. put B. make
C. take D. give
【解析】 C。句意:我要利用这次旅行来探索这个城堡的历史。使用短语take advantage of,意为“利用”,其他选项不能和advantage of搭配,故选C。
2. fold up
【课文原句再现】 His latest product is a bicycle that can be folded up small enough to fit into a bag. (P.35,L.50) 他最新的产品是可以折叠起来、小到可以放进包里的自行车。
【点拨】 倒闭;撒手;垮台;放弃;折叠。
Many larger enterprises folded up during those difficult years. 在那些困难的岁月里许多大企业都倒闭了。
Fold up the chairs after sleeping. 睡过觉把椅子折起来。
When his wife left him, he simply folded up. 他妻子离他而去后,他就完全垮掉了。
3. be blessed with sb. / sth.
【课文原句再现】 What blesses my father most is being able to put food on the table and a roof over our heads. (P.46,L.4) 最让父亲感到幸福的是,他能够养家糊口,能让我们有栖身之地。
【点拨】 bless vt. 祝福,保佑,赞美。
God bless you all. 愿上帝保佑你们。
Fate blessed him with great talent. 命运之神赋予他杰出的才能。
be blessed with sth. / sb.赋予(能力等);享有(幸福等),如:Both are blessed with an uncommon ability to fix things. 两人都有幸具有不寻常的修理东西的能力。
【拓展】 blessed adj. 幸福的,受祝福的,神圣的,如:But I also feel very blessed to be able to do what I do. 但是我也对自己能够做想做的事感到非常幸运。
blessing n. 祝福,赐福,祷告,如:A double blessing has fallen upon the house. 双喜临门。
4. pass away
【课文原句再现】 A few years ago, one of his friends passed away. (P.47,L.32) 几年前,他的一位最好的朋友去世了。
【点拨】 pass away 度过,消磨时间,消失,死亡。
The storm should pass away before dark. 天黑前风暴就会停止了。
Talking with friends soon passes an evening away. 和朋友聊天一个晚上很快就度过了。
【拓展】 由pass构成的其他词组:pass by经过;走过;逝去;pass down传下来;遗传;pass into考进;逐渐变成; pass off冒充,发生;逐渐消失;转移注意;pass on传递;pass on to传给;传达;传递……给……;pass out昏倒;失去知觉;分发; pass over越过; 忽视; 宽恕;回避; pass through穿过……;通过……;pass to传到;转到;讨论;pass up拒绝;把……向上递。
三、重点语法
【课文原句再现】 If he hadn't worked, there would have been no one to support the family.(P.49,L.14)如果他不工作,那么就没有人来养活整个家庭。
该句用了虚拟语气。
重点1:
1) 如果所提出的假设与现在的情况相反,其谓语动词形式为:
If John were here, I should be glad.
If people drove more slowly, there wouldn't be so many accidents.
2) 如果所提出的假设与过去的情况相反,其谓语动词形式为:
The meeting wouldn't have been so successful if you hadn't come.
If I had come a few minutes earlier, I should have met him.
3) 如果所提出的假设在将来没有多大可能实现,其谓语动词形式为:
If you were to come tomorrow, I might have time to see you.
If I missed the film tonight, I would feel sorry for it.
【高考链接】 They might have found a better hotel if they a few more kilometers. (2018北京卷13)
A.drove B. would drive
C. were to drive D. had driven
【解析】 D。主句用would, should, might, could+ have+过去分词,从句用过去完成时,所以选D。
重点2:
有时候,条件从句与主句的动作发生的时间不一致,此时各句中的谓语动词要根据它们各自所表示的时间加以做相应的调整。
If he had followed the doctor's advice then, he would be all right now. 如果他当时听医生的话,他现在身体就好了。
If I were you, I would have gone abroad with her last year. 如果我是你,我去年就和她出国了。
【高考链接】 If we the flight yesterday, we would be enjoying our holiday on the beach now. (2018天津15)
A.had caught B. caught
C. have caught D. would catch
【解析】 A。该题好在主从句时间状语比较明确,从句与过去yesterday事实相反,而主句与现在now事实相反。
重点3:
用于wish后面的宾语从句中。在表示与现在事实相反的愿望时,wish后面的宾语从句要用过去时(动词be用were);在表示与过去事实相反的愿望时,wish后面的宾语从句要用过去完成时;表示将来不大可能实现的愿望时,从句用would + 动词原形。
I wish I were a bird, flying in the sky.
He wishes he had paid more attention to English in the past three years.
I wish that the rain would stop soon.
【高考链接】 There is a good social life in the village, and I wish I a second chance to become more involved. (2018江苏卷27)
A. had B. will have
C. would have had D. have had
【解析】 A。与现在事实相反,wish后面宾语从句用一般过去时。
重点4:
用于“It's + important / natural / necessary / strange / vital / essential / desirable + that从句”结构中的主语从句谓语动词用should (可省略) + 动词原形。
It's necessary that she (should) be sent to hospital at once. 有必要立即把她送医院。
【高考链接】 It's strange that he have taken the books without the owner's permission. (2018江蘇24)
A.would B. should
C. could D. might
【解析】 B。在“It's + important / natural / necessary / strange / vital / essential / desirable等 + that从句”结构中的主语从句谓语动词用should (可省略) + 动词原形。
Unit 4
一、重点词汇
1. preview n.
【课文原句再现】 ...give you a quick preview of what to expect from university life... (P.50,L.7) ……让你们提前迅速了解可以从大学生活中期待得到什么,……。
【点拨】 preview n. 预习,预览,预告;试映;事前查看。
It also provides a preview of the next release to interested customers. 它也为感兴趣的顾客提供了下一个发布版本的预览。
【拓展】 preview vt. 预观,预演(喜剧等),预映(电影);试映;预展,预习。Preview the information centre to see and adjust the results. 预览信息中心以便检查和调整这些结果。
2. terrify v.
【课文原句再现】 My parents wanted me to study in Canada, but the idea simply terrified me. (P.53) 我父母想让我到加拿大读书,但是这个想法却使我害怕。
【点拨】 terrify vt. 使害怕,使恐惧,使惊吓。Flying terrifies her. 坐飞机让她害怕要命。
【拓展】 terrifying adj. 令人恐惧的;骇人的;极大的。I still find it terrifying to find myself tied to a tree. 我以为发现自己被捆在树上还是很吓人的。
terrified adj. 使恐惧,使惊吓,恐吓,如:They were terrified out of their senses.他们被吓得魂不附体。terrify sb. into doing sth. 恐吓某人做某事;be terrified of对……感到惊恐;be terrified at / with被……吓一跳
3. sharpen v.
【课文原句再现】 In addition, we have..., two hours focusing on sharpening debating skills... (P.63,L.26) 另外,我们每周还安排……两小时集中训练辩论技巧……。
【点拨】 sharpen vt. 削尖;磨快;使敏捷;加重;vi. 尖锐;变锋利
Sharpen your pencils before the test. 考试前把铅笔削尖。
One successful hunt is enough to sharpen their inborn skills. 一次成功的狩猎足够磨砺他们天生的技能。
【拓展】 sharpen one's knife for sb. 准备惩罚 (或攻击) 某人;sharp adj. 急剧的;强烈的;敏捷的;锋利的,如:as sharp as a needle 极尖锐;非常机敏。
He has a sharp tongue. 他这张嘴可厉害了。The masses have sharp eyes.群众的眼睛是雪亮的。sharply adv. 急剧地;锐利地;sharpener n. 卷笔刀;sharpness n. 锐利;严厉;极速。
【高考链接】 A quick review of successes and failures at the end of year will help your year ahead. (2017江苏卷30)
A. shape B. switch
C. stretch D. sharpen
【解析】 A。考查动词辨析。A. shape塑造,决定……的形成,影响……的发展;B. switch转变,交换,调班;C. stretch拉长,拉紧,伸展,伸长;D. sharpen提高,使尖锐,变得清晰。句意:快速回顾一年的成败将会决定来年的发展。故选A。
二、重点词组
1. at some point
【课文原句再现】 Although I knew everybody has to leave their nest at some point, ... (P.50,L.25) 尽管我知道到一定时候每一个人都不得不离开自己的“窝”,……。
【点拨】 at some point / moment 在某个时刻,如:The emotions will surface at some point in life.各种情绪都会在生活中的某个时刻流露出来。
【拓展】 at all points 在各方面;to the point 簡洁中肯;go off the point 离题;on the point of doing sth. 就要做某事;in point of 就……而言;off the point 离题的;There is no / not much point in doing... 做……没有用。
He was on the point of going out when it began to rain. 他正要出去天开始下雨了。
What you write should keep to the point. 你写的东西应该切题。
【高考链接】 1) I have reached a point in my life I am supposed to make decisions of my own. (2009浙江卷)
A. which B. where
C. how D. why
【解析】 B。这道题考查的是point后面的定语从句的关系词,完整的句子为:I am supposed to make decisions of my own at the point.这儿用at which=where引导定语从句。
2) 试比较:—Do you have anything to say for yourself?
—Yes, there's one point we must insist on.
A. why B. where
C. how D. /
【解析】 D。这道题考查的point表示“观点”,后面的定语从句中insist on缺少宾语,因此可用which / that或者省略,故选D。
2. put away
【课文原句再现】 I think it is a good idea to put some of your money away each week to make it last. (P.51,L.62) 我认为每周积攒点钱是个好主意。
【点拨】 put away 积攒;放回原处;放好。
Put away clothes when you take them off. 脱下来的衣服要放好。
She finished putting the milk away and turned around. 她把牛奶收拾完后转过身来。
【拓展】 常见的以put开头的短语:put aside不理睬;忽视;put forward提出;向前拨;put off 推迟;put on穿上;增加 (体重等);上演;put up举起;搭起;张贴;供给食宿;put up with容忍;忍受;put together 放在一起;合计;put back恢复正常。放回原处;put down记下;put in花费;付出;正式提出; put into effect实行;生效;put into operation实施;使生效;使运行;put into practice实施;实行
【高考链接】 1) Peter will his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month. (2015陕西卷25)
A. take up B. put up
C. add up D. break up
【解析】 A。句意:Peter在这个月月底将从事旅行社负责人的职位。take up拿起,开始从事;put up竖立;搭建;add up加起来;break up结束;分解。所以选A。
2) Body language can a lot about your mood, so standing with your arms folded can send out a signal that you are being defensive. (2015浙江卷7)
A. take away B. throw away
C. put away D. give away
【解析】 D。句意:肢體语言可以透露很多的心情,所以把你的手折起来站着,表示你是有防范的。A意为“拿走”;B意为“扔掉”;C意为“放好”;D意为“泄露”,而且和send out 同义。该题考查的是动词短语搭配,这是动词加介词的搭配,其中四个副词都是一样的 (away),不同的是动词,正确理解四个搭配其实只需要理解四个动词就可以了。take意为“拿走”;throw意为“扔掉”;put意为“放”;give意为“给”。根据句意可以排除ABC,所以得出答案为D。
(作者:吴涛,南京市第三高级中学)