枝叶总关情
2019-02-16南窗
文/南窗
《潍县署中画竹呈年伯包大丞括》是清代著名画家、文学家郑燮在其潍县(今潍坊市)知县任上所作的一首七言绝句。郑燮,即郑板桥,“扬州八怪”之一。郑板桥虽是江苏人,却与山东有着深厚感情。他在潍县为官7年,留下了廉洁奉公、勤政爱民的美名,其“一枝一叶总关情”的为民情怀,至今被人广泛传颂。
“四十年来画竹枝,日间挥写夜间思”“写取一枝清瘦竹,秋风江上作渔竿”,诸如此类咏竹的诗句,在郑板桥的诗作中比比皆是。郑板桥一生爱竹,不但咏竹,还画竹、写竹。在他的笔下,竹子被赋予了正直、奋进、坚韧等优秀品格。《潍县署中画竹呈年伯包大丞括》就是一首与竹子有关的诗作,又叫作《墨竹图题诗》,是郑板桥众多题画诗中较为著名的一首。全诗从写竹入手,托物言志,表达了他为官一任就要造福一方的理想志向,读来发人深思,耐人寻味。
“衙斋卧听萧萧竹,疑是民间疾苦声”两句,写的是诗人躺卧在衙斋内,听到窗外风吹竹叶萧萧作响,其声呜咽,甚有悲凉之意,由此想到了民间的疾苦。一个“疑”字,体现了郑板桥身为地方父母官,时刻心系百姓的责任意识。在潍县任职期间,郑板桥体恤民情、关心民瘼,曾于灾荒之年开仓放粮,救民于水火, 史载“燮开仓赈贷……发谷若干石,令民具领券借给,活万余人。”为减轻农民负担,郑板桥还主动拿出自己的“养廉银”,代农民交纳赋税。其爱民如子,以至于此。
“些小吾曹州县吏,一枝一叶总关情”,“虽然我们只是个州县里的小小官吏,但百姓的每一件小事,都牵动着我们的心,都与我们的感情相关联”。这两句抒发了诗人将民生系于一身的志向,“一枝一叶”表面咏竹,暗喻民间疾苦,既照应了竹画和诗题,又寄寓了诗人深厚的情感:“百姓的冷暖安危时刻牵动着我们的心。”
郑板桥就是这样的一个“枝叶关情”的父母官,他时刻关心着百姓的疾苦,为民办事“纤悉必周”。史载郑板桥在任内,“无留牍,无冤民”,没有积压的文件,没有含冤负屈之人,“囹圄囚空者数次”,监狱里甚至都空了好几次。郑板桥曾请人刻过一方名为“七品官耳”的印信,常用于钤印题诗绘画,虽然官做得不大,但郑板桥那一份沉甸甸的责任感、使命感却始终与其仕途生涯相伴而行。他的清廉爱民作风,他的高尚人格魅力,与他的诗、书、画“三绝”一起,永远留在了潍县历史上,记在了百姓心坎里。
“春风七载在潍县”,在当了7年的潍县知县后,郑板桥挂冠而去。离开潍县那天,除了带着三头毛驴和书籍铺盖,郑板桥别无他物。史载当日城内万人空巷,百姓痛哭遮留,家家画像以祀。后来,潍县人还为郑板桥立了生祠,并将其与另外两位对潍坊有功的知县一同供奉在“三贤祠”。“天地之间有杆秤,那秤砣是老百姓”,一位爱民如子、“一枝一叶总关情”的父母官,怎能不受百姓的爱戴?
习近平总书记曾多次引用郑板桥的这首诗,来诠释什么是“为民”,为什么“为民”,怎样“为民”。“一枝一叶总关情”,不仅仅是一种情怀,也是一种行动,它告诉为官者,要以人民为中心,时刻心系人民,要把老百姓的冷暖时刻放在心头,为官一任,就当造福一方。
编辑/魏伟
○在郑板桥笔下,竹子被赋予了正直、奋进、坚韧等优秀品格。图/视觉中国In the writings of Zheng Banqiao, the bamboo is endowed with integrity, endeavor and tenacity.
The poem is a seven-character poem of four lines composed by Zheng Xie, a famous painter and man of letters in the Qing Dynasty, during his term of office (as a county magistrate)in Weixian (present-day Weifang City).Zheng Xie, otherwise known as Zheng Banqiao, was one of the “Eight Eccentrics of Yangzhou”. Though Zheng Banqiao was born in Jiangsu, he had deep feelings for Shandong. Working as an official in Weixian for seven years, he had a good reputation of honestly performing off i cial duties, diligently handling government affairs and caring for the people. His spirit — “Every tiny thing attracts concern” is still widely eulogized now.
General Secretary Xi Jinping cited the poem more than once to explain the meaning, purpose and approach of“serving the people”. The verse— “Every tiny thing attracts concern” is not only a feeling, but also a sort of action. It tells officials to focus on and care for the people all the time, bear the demands of the public in mind, and bring benef i ts to the common people.