山村狂欢节

文、图／王忠谋

锣鼓喧天，巨龙飞舞，秧歌扭动，旱船逶迤，万人空巷……元宵节前夕，地处济南郊区锦屏山下、巴漏河畔的三德范庄，一年一度的扮玩活动进入高潮。千余村民参与演出，七十多个节目陆续登场，队伍长达一公里多。不仅本村男女老幼全体出动，争相观看，呐喊助威，而且吸引了周边城市和村镇的游客慕名而来……一个山村的元宵民俗活动能有如此阵势和吸引力，实在令人惊叹。

扮玩，作为传统的民间文化娱乐活动，以浓郁的乡土气息和寓教于乐的丰富内容，历来为群众喜闻乐见。三德范崇尚扮玩，历史久远，并以形式多种多样、内容丰富多彩、演艺精湛、气势宏大而声名远播。清道光年间《章丘县志》记载：“道光十八年（1838年），旱船在三德范盛行，且闻名遐迩。”经世代继承创新，逐步形成传统。上至耄耋老人，下至几岁的娃娃，几乎人人都能上阵。

每年一过正月初五，全村“十巷”便纷纷行动起来——扎龙灯、造旱船、绑高跷、做服装、选演员、搞排练……正月十二前，各自在本巷内热身磨合；十四、十五全村“会演”，进入高潮。十支队伍在玄帝阁附近广场和中心桥到胜利桥的道路上摆开阵势，竞相展示自己的演技和“绝活”。以观众的喝彩声、掌声为最高荣誉和奖赏。

“芯子”，是扮玩中规格最高、影响力最大的项目。表演时，演员站在一条六七米长的木杆上，模拟各种戏曲人物动作，多名青年男子轮流肩抬并伴随锣鼓乐谱迈着花步前后走动，十分壮观。舞龙、舞狮、旱船、花轿也依次相随，其他各巷扮玩队伍更是鱼贯而来，各领风骚：单家巷的花棍对打以器械飞舞、砰叭作响吸人耳目；太平巷的竹马中，刘、关、张围定吕布，“讲述”着《三英战吕布》的历史故事；金家巷的旱船把“起锚”“升帆”“迎风”等动作描摹得惟妙惟肖、生动逼真；太平巷的《傻小子扑蝴蝶》则以演员装扮憨头憨脑、动作滑稽幽默令观众前仰后合、捧腹大笑；“压轴戏”是张家巷的扮玩队伍，他们的转盘芯子《王小赶脚》多年来已成为保留节目……

2.女儿上芯子，妈妈来护驾。A girl performs Xinzi, accompanied by her mother.

3.芯子《王小赶脚》中“二姑娘”扮演者赵业晨仅6岁。In the Xinzi performance Wang Xiao Driving Donkey,Zhao Yechen cast as “Erguniang” is only 6 years old.

4.扮玩要精彩，化妆尤为重要。To achieve wonderful role play, makeup is particularly important.

待到夕阳西下，皓月东升，晚场表演拉开帷幕。玄帝阁附近、河道两侧，龙灯、宫灯、蚌灯接连不断，变成一片灯的海洋。夜色朦胧中，表演者更加自然洒脱；围观群众随着扮玩队伍潮水般忽进忽退，时前时后；擂鼓者晃动双臂，鼓声震天；使钹者甩开膀子，钹声贯耳；临街商家点亮灯笼，热情叫卖；孩童们则缠着父母讨要玩具和美食……整个山村沉醉在一片欢乐的海洋中。

因了久负盛名的“扮玩”，也因了崇文尚礼的村风和众多的历史文化遗存，现如今，三德范已经跻身“中国传统村落”行列。

编辑／郭蓓蓓

1.观赏“扮玩”活动之余，孩子们才是扮玩最大的赢家。After watching the "role play" activities, the children are the biggest "winners" in role play.

2.观者云集，水泄不通。The performance area is crowded with visitors.

3.明月东升，晚间活动同样精彩。As the bright moon rises from the east, the evening activity is also wonderful.

4.“芯子”是扮玩中规格最高、影响力最大的项目。“Xinzi” is the highest-level and most influential style of role play.

5.举家出动，只为一睹传统文化风采。The whole family gathered to witness the elegance of traditional culture.

On the eve of the Lantern Festival, an annual role play activity reached the climax at Sandefan Village by the Balou River at the foot of the Jinping Mountain,suburbs of Jinan. The native men and women of all ages all participated in the activity, competed to watch performances, and cheered the performers. Moreover, it attracted visitors from surrounding cities,towns and villages.

As a traditional folk cultural entertainment activity, role play, with rich local elements and edutainment content, has always been popular among the masses. Sandefan fosters role play, which has a long history and is widely known for its various forms, colorful contents, superb performances and magnificence.According to the record of the Annals of Zhangqiu County in the Daoguang Period of the Qing Dynasty,“In the 18th year of the Daoguang Period (1838), land boats prevailed in Sandefan, and were known far and wide.” Through inheritance and innovation from generation to generation, a tradition was gradually formed. Almost everyone would perform, from the elderly in their eighties to children below the age of ten. Due to the long-standing “role play”, the village spirit of advocating culture and etiquette as well as the numerous historic and cultural relics ,Sandefan has ranked amongst “China’s Traditional Villages”.