火红的春联

文、图／孙永杰

走进东李村放眼望去，满眼是红红火火的红纸，到处挂着印满祝福的春联，透着一股过年般的喜庆祥和气氛。

春联是中国的一种独特文学形式，它以工整、对偶、简洁、精巧的文字描绘时代背景，抒发美好愿望。千百年来，它像一枝怒放的红梅，在迎春的节日里如约绽放，成为中国年文化中一个美丽的音符。红红火火的对联贴出来，既寄托人们良好的祝愿、弘扬新时代的文明家风，又给节日披上了喜庆的盛装。

山东省高密市东李村就是一个红纸对联印刷专业村，一年四季忙碌不停，每年春节来临时，前来购买春联的商家络绎不绝。东李村年印刷春联4000吨以上,户均收入在3万元左右，这项手艺也被列入潍坊市非物质文化遗产名录。

走进东李村，放眼望去，满眼是红红火火的红纸，到处挂着印满祝福的春联，透着一股过年般的喜庆祥和气氛。春联印刷中以户为单位是手工印刷，土法制成。一个户就是一个印刷作坊，规模不大，就三四个人，从春联的选词、制版、印刷、切割、进料、生产、销售，形成一整套完整的流程。他们农忙时下地干活，农闲印刷春联，为村民摸索出了一条解决富余劳力，勤劳致富的路径。

○厂房里晾满了印刷好的春联。The workshop is filled with printed Spring Festival scrolls.

○近几年，他们改进印刷工艺，在第一次印刷成型的基础上，对春联进行套印，在字体边缘加印一次烫金的颜色。In recent years, they have improved the printing process. On the basis of the first printing and forming, they have overprinted the Spring Festival scrolls and printed a hot stamping color on the edge of the font.

○为了提高工作效率，购入新的对联剪裁设备。To improve work efficiency, bought a new scroll clipping device.

○把裁剪好的春联进行理顺整理。Straightening up the clipped Spring Festival scrolls.

○春节前的年集上，摆满了出售的春联，人们纷纷前来购买，以待给春节增添喜庆的气氛。At a fair before the Spring Festival, Spring Festival scrolls for sale are packed everywhere. People come to buy scrolls to add a festive atmosphere to the Spring Festival.

他们把设计好的春联刻在模子上，然后两人一组手工印制，这种方法叫丝网印刷。他们在长期的印刷过程中，把使用的印刷纸张经过涂红等特殊工序处理后，创造出了一种叫“全年红”的纸张。它经久耐用不褪色，不怕风吹、日晒、雨淋，一年四季都能保持鲜亮的红色，用它印出的对联，既鲜又红、既明又亮，产品销往10余个省市，大受用户欢迎。

近来，他们又研究出了加工烫金福字、烫金对联、油漆春联等50多个品种、200多个规格，投放市场后以其色泽鲜艳、质优价廉而深受广大用户的青睐。如今的东李村，不但春联产量日益增长，而且带来了滚雪球效应，南方的春联也把这里作为了扩大市场的跳板，各种风格的春联在这里相互交融，比翼齐飞，使当地成为华东地区规模最大的红纸春联集散地，形成了买全国、卖全国的经营模式，给大江南北的人们带来了火红的春节气氛。

编辑／刘富国 郭蓓蓓

For thousands of years, Spring Festival scrolls that look like a red plum in full bloom on the Spring Festival, have been a beautiful note in the Chinese New Year culture, and clothe the festival with festivity.

Dongli Village, Gaomi City,Shandong, is a village that specializes in red paper couplet printing. Every year,the village may print more than 4,000 tons of Spring Festival scrolls, and can realize an average household income of RMB 30,000. The craft has been included in the list of intangible cultural heritage of Weifang.

Entering Dongli Village, you will see masses of red paper all around,and Spring Festival scrolls printed with blessings everywhere, which show a festive and harmonious atmosphere as if the New Year is coming. The householdbased Spring Festival scroll printing is manual printing, and adopts an indigenous method. A household is a printing workshop, which is not large in scale, and only comprises three to four people. In terms of word selection,plate-making, printing, cutting, feeding,production and sales of Spring Festival scrolls, a complete set of processes has been formed. They work in the fields during busy farming days, and print Spring Festival scrolls during slack farming days, exploring a way for villagers to solve surplus labor and achieve prosperity through hard work.