高精料日粮中添加酿酒酵母培养物对奶牛泌乳后期产奶量及乳成分的影响

项性龙 胡芳 叶日松 吕晋之 姜勋平

摘要：为研究高精料日粮中添加酿酒酵母培养物对荷斯坦奶牛泌乳后期产奶量及乳成分的影响，试验选取254头健康、泌乳天数相近的荷斯坦奶牛作为试验动物，将其随机分成A、B两组进行饲喂，A组为添加4%酵母培养物日粮组，B组为基础日粮组。结果表明，高精料日粮中添加酿酒酵母培养物的试验组奶牛产奶量下降幅度显著低于对照组（P<0.05），试验组产奶量下降幅度1.55%，对照组下降4.89%。此外，试验组乳蛋白及乳脂肪的含量增长趋势高于对照组，试验组乳蛋白增幅3.19%，对照组增幅仅为0.32%;而试验组乳脂肪增幅4.99%，对照组增幅为3.67%。说明高精料日粮中添加酿酒酵母培养物可以提高荷斯坦奶牛饲料转化效率，间接提高奶牛泌乳后期的产奶量，延长泌乳周期，显著提高乳蛋白和乳脂肪含量。

关键词：酿酒酵母培养物;泌乳后期;产奶量;乳成分;奶牛

中文分类号：S816.6         文献标识码：A

文章编号：0439-8114（2019）24-0184-03

DOI：10.14088/j.cnki.issn0439-8114.2019.24.045           開放科学（资源服务）标识码（OSID）：

Effect of saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on milk yield and milk composition of

dairy cows in late lactation

XIANG Xing-long1，HU Fang1，YE Ri-song1，LVU Jin-zhi2，JIANG Xun-ping3

（1.Road Environment Polytron Technologies Inc-Road Biological Environmental Protection Technology Co.，Ltd.，Wuhan 430070，China;

2.Zhijiang Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Bureau，Zhijiang 443200，Hubei，China;

3.College of Animal Science and Technology，Huazhong Agricultural University，Wuhan 430070，China）

Abstract： For studying the effects of saccharomyces cerevisiae culture on milk yield and milk composition of Holstein dairy cows in late lactation， 254 healthy Holstein cows with similar lactation days were randomly divided into two groups A and B. Group A was fed with 4% saccharomyces cerevisiae culture and group B was fed with basic high concentrate diet. The results showed that the descent rate of milk yield of the experimental group A with saccharomyces cerevisiae culture was significantly lower than that of the control group B. The milk yield of the experimental group decreased by 1.55% and control group decreased by 4.89%. In addition， the increase of milk protein and milk fat content in the experimental group was 3.19%， and 4.99%， respectively， which was higher than that in the control group（0.32% and 3.67%， respectively）. It suggested that adding saccharomyces cerevisiae culture to high-concentrate diet could improve feed conversion efficiency， indirectly increase milk production in late lactation stage， prolong lactation cycle， and significantly increase milk protein and milk fat content.

Key words： saccharomyces cerevisiae culture; late lactation; milk yield; milk composition; dairy cows

酵母培养物是在特定的条件下液体、固体的二级发酵或直接经固体培养基发酵后连同培养基一起加工制成的产品，含有少量酵母菌、变性后的培养基以及酵母的代谢产物[1]。酵母培养物作为刺激反刍动物瘤胃微生物的一种生长因子，能够改善瘤胃发酵功能、增强机体免疫力、提高饲料消化率，最终起到提高反刍动物生产性能的作用。魏时来[2]认为，正常精料日粮中添加酵母培养物可显著增加泌乳早期奶牛的产奶量。而对部分牧场使用高精补料日粮在泌乳后期应用效果有待于验证。