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超声引导下经皮肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术治疗急性重症胆囊炎的临床效果

2019-01-08李木然袁阳春罗育青谢阗林嘉瑜

中国当代医药 2019年31期
关键词:引流术胆囊炎经皮

李木然 袁阳春 罗育青 谢阗 林嘉瑜

[摘要]目的 分析超声引导下经皮肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术治疗急性重症胆囊炎的临床效果。方法 选取2016年6月~2018年6月我院收治的95例急性重症胆囊炎患者作为研究对象,采用奇偶分组法分为对照组(45例)与观察组(50例),对照组行保守治疗,观察组行超声引导下经皮肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术治疗,观察两组患者的临床治疗总有效率、临床症状改善时间、手术指标和并发症总发生率。结果 观察组患者的临床治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的首次进食时间、白细胞恢复时间、体温恢复时间、肛门排气时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的手术时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的术中出血量、住院費用均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组在治疗后,并发症的总发生率为8.00%,明显低于对照组(24.44%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论 急性重症胆囊炎接受超声引导下经皮肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术治疗,可以快速改善患者的病情,提高疾病的治疗效果,值得推广应用。

[关键词]超声引导下;经皮肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术;急性重症胆囊炎;临床治疗效果

[中图分类号] R575.61          [文献标识码] A          [文章编号] 1674-4721(2019)11(a)-0098-03

Clinical effect of ultrasound-guided percutaneous hepatic gallbladder catheter drainage in the treatment of acute severe cholecystitis

LI Mu-ran   YUAN Yang-chun   LUO Yu-qing   XIE Tian   LIN Jia-yu

The Second Department of General Surgery, Jieyang People′s Hospital, Guangdong Pronvince, Jieyang   522000, China

[Abstract] Objective To analyze the clinical effect of ultrasound-guided percutaneous hepatic gallbladder catheter drainage in the treatment of acute severe cholecystitis. Methods A total of 95 patients with acute severe cholecystitis admitted to our hospital from June 2016 to June 2018 were enrolled. By the odd or even number, they were divided into control group (n=45) and observation group (n=50). In the control group, conservative therapy was used, while in the observation group, ultrasound-guided percutaneous hepatic gallbladder catheter drainage was performed. The clinical total effectiveness rate, clinical symptom improvement time, surgical indexes and the total complication rate of the two groups were observed. Results The total effectiveness rate of clinical treatment in the observation group was higher than that in the control group with a significant difference (P<0.05). The first feeding time, white blood cell recovery time, body temperature recovery time and anal exhaust time were all shorter in the observation group compared with those in the control group with statistical significances (P<0.05). The operation time and hospital stay of the observation group were shorter than those of the control group with statistical significances (P<0.05). The intraoperative blood loss and hospitalization expenses were lower than those of the control group, which displayed statistical significance (P<0.05). The total incidence of complications in the observation group after treatment was 8.00%, much lower than that of the control group (24.44%) (P<0.05). Conclusion Ultrasound-guided percutaneous hepatic gallbladder catheter drainage for acute severe cholecystitis can rapidly improve patients′ condition and enhance the treatment effect. It is worthy of promotion and application.

本研究结果显示,观察组患者的临床治疗总有效率高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的首次进食时间、白细胞恢复时间、体温恢复时间、肛门排气时间短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的手术时间、住院时间均短于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组患者的术中出血量、住院费用均少于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);观察组在治疗后,并发症总发生率为8.00%,明显低于对照组(24.44%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。

经皮肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术中胆瘘是比较严重的并发症。治疗组中1例发生胆汁漏,考虑为胆囊腔压力过大,穿刺置管时外漏。以下几种方法有助于预防胆汁瘘。①用12 G的穿刺针,避免用过粗的穿刺针,且避免原针道多次穿刺。②穿刺时经过2~3 cm肝组织,并经过胆囊床进入胆囊,避免从游离侧进入胆囊;置入导管前应排出部分胆汁,释放胆囊腔压力。③避免计划外拔管,采用猪尾巴导管能有效减少引流管脱落;术后要将引流管固定牢,加用腹带保护;医护人员或患者家属在护理时,应尽量避免牵拉引流管。④要在窦道形成牢固时才能拔管,一般需要5~6周。

综上所述,急性重症胆囊炎接受超声引导下经皮肝胆囊穿刺置管引流术治疗,可以快速改善患者的病情,提高疾病的治療效果,值得被推广、应用。

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(收稿日期:2019-06-12  本文编辑:陈文文)

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