欧内斯特·米勒·海明威
2018-12-29邓国庆
[背景导读]
欧内斯特·米勒·海明威(Ernest Miller Hemingway,1899年7月21日—1961年7月2日),出生于美国伊利诺伊州芝加哥市郊区奥克帕克,美国作家、记者,被认为是20世纪最著名的小说家之一。
海明威的一生之中曾荣获不少奖项。他在第一次世界大战期间被授予银制勇敢勋章;1953年,他以《老人与海》一书获得普利策奖;1954年的《老人与海》又为海明威夺得诺贝尔文学奖。2001年,海明威的《太阳照样升起》(The Sun Also Rises)与《永别了,武器》两部作品被美国现代图书馆列入“20世纪中的100部最佳英文小说”中。
海明威是当代最伟大的自然主义作家之一。他敢于突破传统,创造新的风格和手法以适应题材的需要。
Ernest Hemingway(1899-1961) was an American author. Young Hemingway was recruited(征募)as an ambulance driver and once went to Italian front. In 1918, he was seriously wounded and returned home. This wartime experiences proved so broken and nightmarish(噩梦般的)that everything about him was permanently affected. In a sense, all his life he lived with it emotionally and continued to write about it in order to experience and forget.
In 1926, he published his first novel, The Sun Also Rises, and received a good deal of attraction. It paints the image of a whole generation, the Lost Generation. This includes the young English and American expatriates(侨民)as well as men and women caught in the war and cut off from the old values and yet unable to come to terms with the new era when civilization had gone mad. John Barnes, the character in the novel, is wounded in the war, finding life a nightmare after it. The only strength to live on with any dignity (尊严) comes from nowhere but himself.
A Farewell to Arms, his next novel, can be read as a footnote(脚注)to The Sun Also Rises in that it explains how people like Barnes come to behave the way they do. Then, in 1940, another novel For Whom the Bell Tolls came out in print. Here is a man living all the time in the shadow of fate and doom(末日). In 1952, The Old Man and the Sea helped restore his reputation as a great one so that he won the Nobel Prize in 1954. Santiago is a typical Hemingway hero, a man of action and one of few words. He has despairing courage,a courage that enables a man to behave like a man, to keep his dignity in face of a difficult situation—a man can be destroyed but not defeated. What a pity that he in life possibly failed to carry on that courage so that he shot himself on July 2nd, 1961.
欧内斯特·海明威(1899—1961)是一位美国作家。年轻时,他曾被应征入伍,当过急救车司机,去过意大利的战争前线。1918年他因负伤回到家中。战时的经历破碎不堪,像噩梦般挥之不去,以致他的一切都受到了彻底的影响。从某种意义上来说,他一生都不堪其扰,因此他试图通过写作来体验并忘记这种梦魇。
1926年,他出版的第一本小说《太阳照常升起》得到了广泛的关注。“迷惘的一代”形象自此产生,多指年轻的、旅居海外的英美人,也包括被战争所困的人们,当文明分崩离析,他们告别了从前的价值观,却又无法和新时代接轨。小说主人公约翰·巴恩斯在战争中身负重伤,战后生活如同噩梦。支撑他有尊严地活下去的力量只能是他自己。
后一本小说《永别了,武器》,好比是《太阳照常升起》的脚注本,因为它解释了为什么像巴恩斯这样的人会如此作为。1940年,小说《丧钟为谁而鸣》出版了,故事主人公自始至终都活在命运和末日的阴影中。1952年,《老人与海》重新确立了海明威伟大作家的声誉,并使其在1954年一举夺得诺贝尔文学奖。圣地亚哥就是个典型的海明威式主人公,少言寡语,以行动见真章。 他拥有一种绝望中的勇气,这勇气可让人以真正人类的行为方式来表现,在逆境中保持尊严——人可以被毁灭,却不可以被打败。可惜生活中的海明威没能保持这种勇气,于1961年7月2日,他开枪自杀了。
[巧笔妙记]
Ⅰ.热词积累
1.typical adj. 典型的
2.in a sense 在某种意义上
3.receive a good deal of attraction 得到广泛的关注
4.be caught in 被困在……,被……困住
5.cut off 切断
6.come to terms with 甘心忍受;妥协;与……友好相处
7.go mad 发疯
8.come from nowhere 从无处来
9.all the time 一直;总是
10.in the shadow of fate and doom 在命运和末日的阴影中
11.restore ones reputation 恢复名声
12.a man of action and one of few words 能干而又沉默寡言的人
13.keep ones dignity 保持尊严
14.in face of a difficult situation 面临困境
15.carry on 保持;继续下去
Ⅱ.难句分析
1.in that引导原因状语从句
后一本小说《永别了,武器》,好比是《太阳照常升起》的脚注本,因为它解释了为什么像巴恩斯这样的人会如此作为。
A Farewell to Arms, his next novel, can be read as a footnote to The Sun Also Rises it explains how people like Barnes come to behave the way they do.
【点石成金】in that“因为”,可用于引导原因状语从句。how引导的从句作explain的宾语;they do是一个定语从句,修饰先行词the way,省略了关系词that或in which。
【答案】in that
2.同位语从句
可惜生活中的海明威没能保持这种勇气,于1961年7月2日,他开枪自杀了。
What a pity he in life possibly failed to carry on that courage so that he shot himself on July 2nd, 1961.
【点石成金】It is a pity that... “很遗憾……”,that引导的是同位语从句,本句为加强语气,使用了感叹句的形式。so that“以致……”引导结果状语从句。
【答案】that