情态动词常见考点例析

情态动词用来表示说话人的情感、态度等。情态动词本身词义不完全，须与其他动词原形一起构成谓语。高考常从下列几方面对情态动词进行考查。

一、考查情态动词must/cant+have done 句式的推测

肯定句用must/may/might+have done句式进行推测，“肯定（可能）做了……”；否定句用cant/couldnt have done句式，“不可能做了……”，该句式是对已发生过的事情的推测。对现在或一般情况的推测用must/might/may/cant+be，be doing句式。对该类结构的反意疑问句也是考查的重点。

【经典考题】

1.-I left my handbag on the train， but luckily someone gave it toa railway official.

-How unbelievable to get it back！ I mean， someone _____ it.

A.will have stolen

B.might have stolen

C.should have stolen

D.must have stolen

2.-I spent two weeks in London last summer.

-Then you must have visited the British Museum during your stay， _____ you？

A.mustnt

B.havent

C.didnt

D.hadnt

【解析】

1.B。根据语境，“你钱包找到了真难以置信！我意思是，可能被人偷走了”。

2.C。该句与：You visited the British Museum during your stay， didnt you？的附加疑问句相同。例如：It must have rained last night， didnt it？（对过去推测）

He must have been to Los Angles， hasnt he？（对现在完成时态推测）

He must have finished the work by the end of last week， hadnt he？（对过去完成时态推测）

He must have finished the work by the end of next week， wont he？（对将来完成时态推测）

He must be （studying） in the classroom now， isnt he？（对现在的推测）

二、考查情态动词 should（nt）/could/neednt+have done等句式的不同内涵

should/ought to have done本该做某事（事实上没做），含有责备的语气。

shouldnt/oughtnt to have done本不该做某事（事实上做了），含有责备的语气。

might/could have done本可以做某事（事实上没做），语气里含温和的责备，但没有shouldhave done责备语气重，如题1。

neednt have done本来没有必要做某事（事实上做了），而didnt need to do sth 则表示没有必要做某事（此事过去也没做），如题2。

【经典考题】

1.We _____ the difficulty together， but why didnt you tell me？

A.should face

B.might face

C.could have faced

D.must have faced

2. We ______ have bought so much food now that Suzie wont be with us fordinner.

A.may not

B.neednt

C.cant

D.mustnt

【答案】1.A 2.B

三、对重点情态动词 can/could，may/might，must，shall，should，will/would 等的考查

（一）can

1.can表示理论上的可能性，即從理论上分析是可能的，但实际未必会发生，常译成“有时候会”，如题1。

2.can（could）在疑问句或否定句中表示惊异、怀疑、不相信等语气，如题2。

【经典考题】

1.It is usually warm in my hometown in March， but it____be rather cold sometimes.

A.must

B.can

C.should

D.would

2.My book， The House of Ha/es， is missing. Who _____ have taken it？

A.need

B.must

C.should

D.could

【答案】1.B 2.D

（二）must

must可以表示说话人不耐烦的语气，“偏偏”，常指不愉快的事情，如下题。

【经典考题】

- _____ you interrupt now？ Cant you see Im on the phone？

-Sorry Sir， but its urgent.

A.Can

B.Should

C.Must

D.Would

【答案】C

（三）shall

1.表示法律、条约、协定等中的义务、规定，“应该……，须……，得……”，如题1。

2.表示允诺，如题2。

【经典考题】

1.One of our rules is that every student _____ wear schooluniform while at school.

A.might

B.could

C.shall

D.will

2.-Will you read me a story， Mummy？

-OK. You _____ have one if you go to bed as soon as possible.

A.might

B.must

C.could

D.shall

【答案】1.C 2.D

（四）should

should可以表示一种吃凉、惊奇、遗憾等语气，“竟然”，如下题。

【经典考题】

It was sad to me that they， so poor themselves， _____ bringme food.

A.might

B.would

C.should

D.could

【答案】C

（五）will/would

will/would可以表示主语的意愿、意志。用于非人主语时，表示事物自然的属性，表示固有的性质、倾向、功能等（如下题）。

The door wont /wouldnt lock.这门不好锁。

The bus wouldnt move， however hard we pushed.不管我們怎么用力推，汽车就是不动。

【经典考题】

The door _____ open， no matter how hard she pushed.

A.shouldnt

B.couldnt

C.wouldnt

D.mightnt

【答案】C