观异曲同工之妙，赏殊途同归之效——2018年高考英语相似考点例析

四川

笔者细心研究2018年的9套高考试卷（2017年11月浙江卷、天津3月卷、全国卷Ⅰ、全国卷Ⅱ、全国卷Ⅲ、浙江卷、北京卷、天津卷和江苏卷），竟然发现不同的试卷都不约而同地考查了许多相似的考点，甚至有的考题几乎如出一辙，格式相同、形式相同、内容相似。现根据全国卷题型，笔者从中采撷33组考题予以对照分析，供广大师生参考。

一、在语法填空和短文改错中的考查

1.相似考点1——名词复数形式

① You wouldn’t think that a few 58 （month) of exercise in your teens would be enough for the rest of your life...(2017年 11月浙江卷 )

② Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 that showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all 67 (cause).( 全国卷Ⅰ )

③ Last winter when I went there again, they had a big separate house to raise dozens of chicken.(全国卷Ⅰ )

④ After supper, we would play card games of all sort in the sitting room.(全国卷Ⅱ )

⑤ The classroom is a place for learning and that includes learning from textbooks, and mistake as well.(全国卷Ⅲ )

⑥ Making Chinese 56 (dish) is seen as especially troublesome.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①months；②causes；③chicken→chickens；④ sort→ sorts；⑤ mistake → mistakes；⑥ dishes。

2.相似考点2——形容词性物主代词

① Another nice thing is that you learn both new words and 64 (they) use unconsciously, meaning that you will tend to use the words learned this way in conversations almost automatically.(2017年 11月浙江卷 )

② I had done myself homework, but I was shy.(全国卷Ⅲ)

【答案】① their；② myself → my/the。

3.相似考点3——it的用法

① If you are time poor, you need run for only half the time to get the same benefits as other sports, so perhaps we should all give 70 a try.(全国卷Ⅰ )

② Many westerners who come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap 58 can be to eat out.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①it/running；②it。

4.相似考点4——不定冠词

① Like many things in life, it’s 56 ongoing process,and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, which means you’ll just keep getting better and better.(2017年 11月浙江卷 )

② As the kid, I loved to watch cartoons, but no matter how many times I asked to watch them, my parents would not let me.(全国卷Ⅱ )

【答案】①an；②the→a。

5.相似考点5——定冠词

① During my last winter holiday, I went to countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.(全国卷Ⅰ )

② Corn production has jumped nearly 125 percent over 62 past 25 years, while rice has increased only 7 percent.(全国卷Ⅱ)

③ Unexpectedly, I’m face-to-face with the gorilla, who begins screaming at 62 top of her lungs.(全国卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①countryside前加the；②the；③the。

6.相似考点6——形容词作定语修饰名词

① One of the 60 (effect) ways to build vocabulary is to read good books.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷 )

② According to the World Bank, China accounts for about 30 percent of total 67 (globe) fertilizer consumption.( 全国卷Ⅱ)

③ I was afraid to speak in front of a larger group of people.(全国卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①effective；②global；③larger →large。

7.相似考点7——连系动词后接形容词作表语

① Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 69 (energy).(全国卷Ⅰ)

② I felt happily that their life had improved.(全国卷Ⅰ )

③ The obvious one is money; eating out once or twice a week may be 62 (afford) but doing this most days adds up.(浙江卷)

【答案】①energetic；②happily →happy；③affordable。

8.相似考点8——副词的修饰作用

① You need to 61 (real) read at least one good book a week, preferably a classic.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷 )

② A taste for meat is 63 (actual) behind the change:An important part of its corn is used to feed chickens, pigs, and cattle.(全国卷Ⅱ )

③ Immediate, I raised my hand.(全国卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①really；②actually；③Immediate →Immediately。

9.相似考点9——动名词作宾语

① You may drink, smoke, be overweight and still reduce your risk of 63 (die) early by running.(全国卷Ⅰ )

② My grandpa said last summer they earned quite a lot by sell the fish.(全国卷Ⅰ )

③ I quickly lower myself, ducking my head to avoid 64(look) directly into his eyes so he doesn’t feel challenged.(全国卷Ⅲ)

④ I still remember 59 (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I was shocked when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time.(浙江卷 )

【答案】① dying；② sell → selling；③ looking；④visiting。

10.相似考点10——动词不定式作目的状语

① You don’t have to run fast or for long 62 (see) the benefit.(全国卷Ⅰ )

② The government encourages farmers to grow corn instead of rice 64 (improve) water quality.(全国卷Ⅱ )

【答案】① to see；② to improve。

11.相似考点11——while + doing结构

① This isn’t as hard as it sounds, and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while 63 (read) an interesting piece of literature.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷)

② China’s approach to protecting its environment while 70 (feed) its citizens “offers useful lessons for agriculture and food policymakers worldwide,” says the bank’s Juergen Voegele.(全国卷Ⅱ )

【答案】①reading；②feeding。

12.相似考点12——介词for的用法

① You wouldn’t think that a few months of exercise in your teens would be enough 59 the rest of your life, and that’s also true for building your vocabulary—you have to keep at it daily, and pretty soon you will find that you have an excellent vocabulary.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷 )

② I was searching 67 these three western lowland gorillas I’d been observing.(全国卷Ⅲ )

③ If you are not going to suffer this problem, then I suggest that the next time you go to your mum’s home 65 dinner, get a few cooking tips from her.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①for；②for；③for。

13.相似考点13——由介词than引出比较对象

① While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it is more effective at lengthening life 65 walking, cycling or swimming.(全国卷Ⅰ )

② Corn uses less water 65 rice and creates less fertilizer (化肥 ) runoff.(全国卷Ⅱ )

【答案】①than；②than。

14.相似考点14——一般过去时态

① During my last winter holiday, I went to the countryside with my father to visit my grandparents.I find a big change there.(全国卷Ⅰ )

② The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005—when the government 68 (start) a soil-testing program that gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers—and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(全国卷Ⅱ)

③ I didn’t realize how right my parents are until I entered high school.(全国卷Ⅱ )

④ When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find them alive.True to a gorilla’s unaggressive nature, the huge animal 69 (mean) me no real harm.(全国卷Ⅲ)

【答案】①find →found；②started；③are →were；④meant。

15.相似考点15——主谓一致

① This isn’t as hard as it 62 (sound), and it is far better than any other method because you improve your vocabulary while reading an interesting piece of literature.(2017年11月浙江卷)

② While running regularly can’t make you live forever,the review says it 64 (be) more effective at lengthening life than walking, cycling or swimming.(全国卷Ⅰ )

③ The classroom is a place for learning and that include learning from textbooks, and mistakes as well.(全国卷Ⅲ )

【答案】①sounds；②is；③include→includes。

16.相似考点16——由关系代词引导的定语从句

① Like many things in life, it’s an ongoing process, and the best part of the process is that there’s enough room for improvement, 57 means you’ll just keep getting better and better.(2017年11月浙江卷)

② Two of the authors of the review also made a study published in 2014 66 showed a mere five to 10 minutes a day of running reduced the risk of heart disease and early deaths from all causes.(全国卷Ⅰ )

③ The Chinese Ministry of Agriculture finds that between 2005 — when the government started a soil-testing program 69 gives specific fertilizer recommendations to farmers —and 2011, fertilizer use dropped by 7.7 million tons.(全国卷Ⅱ )

④ Many westerners 57 come to China cook much less than in their own countries once they realize how cheap it can be to eat out.(浙江卷 )

【答案】①which；②that/which；③that/which；④who/that。

二、在完形填空中的考查

17.相似考点17——相同动词change

① Last September, however, that all 20 .(2018 年 3月天津卷)

A.disappeared B.returned C.developed D.changed

② When I got into college, things 40 .(浙江卷 )

A. happened B.repeated C.changed D.mattered

【答案】①D；②C。

18.相似考点18——相同副词even

① I 34 read my poetry out loud at a reading club.(2018年3月天津卷)

A.even B.still C.only D.seldom

② All of this makes the actions of the homeless Tom Smith 17 more remarkable.(北京卷 )

A.still B.even C.ever D.once

【答案】①A；②B。

19.相似考点19——考查动词excite及其名词形式excitement

① And, even if I weren’t 43 enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me.(全国卷Ⅰ)

A.excited B.worried C.moved D.tired

② In her 48 , she didn’t seem to realize that she was sharing the baby’s photos with a complete stranger.(全国卷Ⅲ )

A.opinion B.anxiety C.excitement D.effort

【答案】①A；②C。

20.相似考点20——相同动词know

① “What’s his name?” I asked the instructor.“Ben,”he replied, and immediately I 54 .That stranger was my son! (全国卷Ⅱ )

A.agreed B.hesitated C.doubted D.knew

②“Well, I don’t 50 you all but I will get there to take pictures with the baby,” replied Dennis before asking which room the new parents were in.(全国卷Ⅲ )

A.accept B.know

C.believe D.bother

①D；②B。

21.相似考点21——相同动词leave

① Fortunately, after a brief stay in hospital, Ben was well enough to be allowed to 56 and later the family met up for dinner.(全国卷Ⅱ )

A.return B.relax C.speak D.leave

② He then took the wallet to a nearby police station after 22 a note behind to let the owner know it was safe.(北京卷)

A.taking B.leaving C.reading D.writing

【答案】①D；②B。

22.相似考点22——相同动词meet

① Guy Harvold, 24, had picked up the students and three course leaders from Gatwick airport, and they were travelling to Bourmemouth to 38 their host families.(2017 年 11 月浙江卷)

A.greet B.thank C.invite D.meet

② I could hardly wait to 47 him.(全国卷Ⅰ )

A.interview B.meet C.challenge D.beat

③ I arrived early at Byron Bay where we were supposed to 44 .(全国卷Ⅱ )

A.talk B.stay C.meet D.settle

④ One day I 46 a former classmate of mine who was making a lot of money running a sideline (副业 ).(浙江卷 )

A.met B.helped C.treated D.hired

【答案】①D；②B；③C；④A。

23.相似考点23——相同动词pass

① Harvold, who has not 41 his driving test, said, “I realized the bus was out of control when I was speaking to the students.”(2017年11月浙江卷)

A.given B.marked C.passed D.conducted

② In order to 50 the class, among other criteria, we had to write a paper on how we plan to apply what we would learn in class to our future professions and, eventually, to our lives.(全国卷Ⅰ )

A.attend B.pass C.skip D.observe

【答案】①C；②B。

24.相似考点24——相同动词post

① Teresa 56 a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website accompanied by the touching words:“What a blessing this young man was to our family! He was so sweet and kind to do this.” (全国卷Ⅲ )

A.found B.selected C.developed D.posted

② He also won praise from social media users after Mr.Anderson 31 about the act of kindness on Facebook.(北京卷)

A.learned B.posted C.cared D.heard

【答案】①D；②B。

25.相似考点25——相同动词remember

① I 22 listening to others read their work and thinking: “That will never be me.”(2018 年 3 月天津卷 )

A.regret B.consider C.imagine D.remember

② I 37 back in high school I spent most of my day at school since I also played a team sport.(浙江卷 )

A.remember B.admit C.understand D.expect

【答案】①D；②A。

26.相似考点26——相同动词save

① I jumped at the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to 42 a few dollars? (全国卷Ⅰ )

A.waste B.earn C.save D.pay

②“I just want to say thank you,” he said.“You 58 my life!” (全国卷Ⅱ )

A.created B.honored C.saved D.guided

【答案】①C；②C。

27.相似考点27——相同动词shake

① I could hear it 29 as I read, and I could hear every stutter（结巴）and mistake.(2018 年 3 月天津卷 )

A.shaking B.singing C.shouting D.deepening

② He was 50 violently.(全国卷Ⅱ )

A.arguing B.fighting

C.shouting D.shaking

【答案】①A；②D。

三、在听力中的考查

2018年高考共有3套听力试题，即2017年11月浙江卷、全国卷Ⅰ(江苏卷、浙江卷同)和全国卷Ⅱ(全国卷Ⅲ同 )。

四、启示

1.抓基础语法

从上述考题可以看出，高考考查的都是很基础的语法知识，比如说名词复数、冠词、副词的修饰作用、一般过去时、主谓一致、关系代词等。因此，在学生备考的过程中，教师要指导学生复习考纲中所列的全部语法项目，帮助学生掌握基本概念，把握最常用的语法要点，让学生经过反复练习达到运用自如。

2.抓基本词汇

(1)对于考纲中所列的单词，学生不仅要背诵其含义和拼写，还要掌握其基本的词形变换。

(2)教师还要有意识地帮助学生总结一些完形填空中常考的单词，以增强备考的有效性。上述第二部分考题中的单词也是完形填空考题中的“常客”，比方说change共考查24次、even共考查22次、excite共考查17次、know共考查16次、leave共考查31次、meet共考查14次、pass共考查10次、remember共考查12次、save共考查8次等。

3.重视11月浙江卷和3月天津卷

在上述考题中，11月浙江考卷与夏季高考卷的相似考题多达19处，若加上单项填空，相似考题则高达26处。高考结束之后，考试中心会总结试卷的得与失，从总结中得出的一些命题理念就会在11月浙江考卷中有所体现，故而研究它们就显得尤为重要。