Different Reactions to Beauty and Ugly

张蕊

阅读理解：

1.ln the second paragraph we know that Barbara Cartland is _______.

A. an expert studying eyes

B. a scientist researching writing

C. a school name

D. a romantic novelist

2. The right explanation of the underlined words "guinea pigs" in the third paragraph for the context is

_______.

A. small mice kept as a pet

B. small pigs kept as a pet

C. small pigs growing in Holland

D. human subjects tested by the researchers

3. The scene that can increase activities in the ventral striatum is that _______.

A. a person sees a beautiful picture

B. a man sees a woman's photo

C. a person gets a $10，000 reward

D. a woman sees a man's photo

4. The ventral striatum of a man will increase activity if _______ in the photos.

① he is in direct eye contact with a pretty woman

② he is in direct eye contact with an ugly woman

③ he sees the side face of a pretty woman

④ he sees the side face of an ugly woman

5. The scientists get their research results by _______.

A. making experiments

B. making surveys

C. referring to romantic novels

D. cooperating with Barbara

答案与解析：

1.D。推理判断题，第二段开头就提到Romantic novelists...这是本段的主题句，根据上下文可知Barbara Cartland是一位浪漫主义小说家。

2.D。词义推测题。根据划线词后面的谓语可以知道这个词是可以说话的人，故D正确。

3.C。段落推测题。第三段倒数第二句the ventral striatum后的同位语可以知道这个“前部纹状体”是大脑中产生成就感或者愉快情绪的重要部位。ABD三个选项都没有提到眼睛的交流，因此不正确。

4.B。细节理解题。在最后一段第一句“The activity increase occurred regardless of the gender of the face in direct eye contact.”可知①（正确，“But if the cute person gazed to one side， the ventral striatum remained resting，”和“Missing eye contact with an unattractive face may be a relief，and thus enhance activity，”可知④正确，③不对。

5.A。推理判断题。文章第三段开始就讲了实验的过程，因此A正确。

长难句分析：

1. The Barbara Cartland school of writing has now been confirmed by science， for experts have discovered that eye-to-eye contact in fact releases a burst of activity in the reward center of the brain.巴巴拉-卡特兰学派作品现在已经被科学证实是符合事实的，因为专家们发现目光交流可以引起大脑反应中枢产生一系列的反应。

这是个复合句。逗号后面的for引出的是原因状语从句。主句中的school是“流派”的意思。

句中a burst of“迸发”，常与activity，energy，angry，enthusiasm等构成短语a burst of activity/energy/angry/enthusiasm活力/能量/怒火/热情的迸发。

例如：Try these things to give yourself a burst of morning energy and ensure you wake up feeling motivated and ready to go.按照以下的建议，每天清晨你都会感受到活力的爆发，保证你充满激情，时刻准备着。

2. Neuroscientists at University College London asked eight female and eight male volunteers to look at photos of the faces of 40 different people who were either looking at the camera or gazing to one side.倫敦大学学院的神经学科学家分别让8名男志愿者和8名女志愿者观察40个不同人的面部照片，照片上的人或是盯着镜头看或是盯向一侧。

这是个复合句。甸中who引导一个定语从句。主句中的谓语动词使用短语ask sb.to do sth.。

句中either...or...“或者……或者……”连接句中相似的成分。如果连接两个成分做主语，谓语动词通常与其靠近的主语保持一致。例如：Either you or I am to go.你或我必须有人去。

否定式可以是not either...or...，也可以是neither...nor...。

例如：He didn't either write or phone.=He neither wrote nor phoned.他既没写信也没打电话。