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从语法连贯角度赏析方华文《雾都孤儿》译本

2018-10-21王惠

科学导报·学术 2018年18期
关键词:雾都译本连贯

王惠

摘要: 本文从语法连贯角度来赏析方华文雾都孤儿译本,其依据现代语言学之父韩礼德和哈森的语法衔接理论,从指称和省略两个方面来赏析译本。

关键词: 语法连贯指称省略

一.引言

《雾都孤儿》是19世纪英国批判现实主义小说家狄更斯的第二部作品。狄更斯在《雾都孤儿》这部小说中广泛描写了当时的社会生活现状,揭露了在资本主义社会,金钱带来的种种罪恶。

二.语法连贯在方华文《雾都孤儿》译本中的应用

在文学作品翻译中,将“连贯”与其紧密结合起来,准确地解读原文的连贯,正确地重构连贯的译文,使译文与原文之间的等值效果达到最优化,使文学翻译中的诗学价值得到最好的传递(申丹,见王东风2009:II)。

1.指称(reference)

Halliday和Hasan认为连贯手段中最常见的是指称,本文以人称代词为例来分析,可以使文章清晰。

原文:…'That's acause they damped the straw afore they lit it in the chimbley to make 'em come down again,' said Gamfield; 'that's all smoke,and no blaze; vereas smoke ain't o' no use at all in making a boy come down,for it only sinds him to sleep,and that's wot he likes.Boys is wery obstinit,and wery lazy,Gen'l'men,and there's nothink like a good hot blaze to make 'em come down vith a run.It's humane too,gen'l'men,acause,even if they've stuck in the chimbley,roasting their feet makes 'em struggle to hextricate themselves.'

方译:“那是因为他们想让孩子们从烟囱里下来时,先把稻草弄湿了才点燃。”甘菲尔德说。“光冒烟,不着火,一点用都没有,根本没办法让孩子下来,因为烟雾只能催他们入睡,那正是他们求之不得的。小孩子都很固执和懒惰,如欲让他们快快下来,没有比熊熊大火更有效的灵丹妙药了,先生们。这也是一种人道之举,先生们,因为他们即便卡在烟囱里,用火烧烧他们的脚,这能使他们奋起而脱身。”

原文中有十处代词,译文中共用了七处代词:根据语境增加代词,准确传递原意。'That's acause they damped the straw afore they lit it in the chimbley to make 'em come down again,' said Gamfield的译文为“那是因为他们想让孩子们从烟囱里下来时,先把稻草弄湿了才点燃。”甘菲尔德说。直译原文应为:那是因为他们弄湿了稻草在他们点燃之前,以便于让孩子们从烟囱里下来。此译文只是一般性的陈述,而通过添加“他们想让”表达出了他们对孩子险恶的用心。

2.省略(ellipsis)

省略,指免去。在一定条件下省去一个或多个句子成分。

原文:I would show Rose Maylie in all the bloom and grace of early womanhood,shedding on her secluded path in life soft and gentle light,that fell on all who trod it with her,and shone into their hearts.I would paint her the life and joy of the fire-side circle and the lively summer group; I would follow her through the sultry fields at noon,and hear the low tones of her sweet voice in the moonlit evening walk; I would watch her in all her goodness and charity abroad,and the smiling untiring discharge of domestic duties at home; I would paint her and her dead sister's child happy in their love for one another,and passing whole hours together in picturing the friends whom they had so sadly lost; I would summon before me,once again,those joyous little faces that clustered round her knee,and listen to their merry prattle; I would recall the tones of that clear laugh,and conjure up the sympathising tear that glistened in the soft blue eye.

译文:我很想展示露丝·梅利初为人妇时的卓越风韵,展示她如何将柔和之光倾洒在她那与世无争的生活道路上,倾洒在同路人的身上及心坎里。我很想描绘她在壁炉旁和欢快的消夏人群中所表现出的活力及喜悦;很想在中午时分随她一道穿越酷热的田野;很想在月光如水的夜晚散步时听听她甜美、低婉的说话声;很想看看她如何出外乐善好施,居家盈盈含笑、不知疲倦地操持家务;很想描绘她如何同亡姊的遗孤相亲相爱,共享天伦之乐,描绘他们如何在一起一连数小时地回忆自己痛失的亲人;很想再次看看依偎在她膝下的那几张欢快的小脸蛋,听听那颠三倒四的儿语;很想让那清脆的笑声再回荡于耳旁,让那双闪烁着同情泪花的柔和、蓝色的眼睛重现面前。

译文中“很想”本来指“我很想”,但由于前面出现“我很想”,為避免重复,省略代词“我”。

三.结语

综上所述,语法连贯是翻译的基本能力,在译文中准确地再现原文的语法连贯,并在译语中重构具有相同功能的语法连贯。

参考文献

[1]Charles Dickens.Oliver Twist[M].Oxford University Press,1966.

[2]吉文凯,瞿慧.语法衔接与小说翻译中连贯的再现—Gone with the Wind 六个译本对比研究[J].语文学刊·外语教育教学2012(2).

[3]雾都孤儿[M].方华文,译.上海:上海译文出版社,1991.

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