❶be made的“多面孔”

江苏 李建高

◎用法点拨

be made结构能与不同的介词构成多种形式的短语，它们大多与被动语态相结合，对它们的考查也成为中考命题的一大亮点。有关be made的众多“面孔”，我们只有用心辨析，才不会产生歧义。

1.be made of意为“由……制成”，制作过程中仅发生物理变化，从成品仍可看出原材料。例如：

The shirt is made of cotton.这件衬衣是纯棉的。

These desks and chairs are made of wood.这些桌椅是木头制成的。

2.be made from意为“由……制成”，成品完全失去了原材料的外形或特征，或原材料在制作过程中发生了化学变化，在成品中已无法辨认。例如：

Nylon is made from air,coal,water,etc.尼龙是由空气、煤和水等制成的。

These wines are made from grapes.这些酒都是由葡萄酿造的。

3.be made by意为“由……制作；由……制造”，by后接动作的执行者。例如：

This cake was made by my mother this morning.这块蛋糕是我妈妈早上做的。

The model planes were made by the boy in blue T-shirt.这些飞机模型是由那个穿蓝色T恤衫的男孩制作的。

4.be made in意为“在……生产；在……制造”，in后接表示地点的名词。例如：

The watch is made in Switzerland.这块手表是在瑞士生产的。

Not many films are made in Finland.芬兰出品的电影不是很多。

5.be made into意为“被制成……”，表示原材料被用来制成某种东西。例如：

Milkisoftenmadeintobutter.牛奶经常被制成黄油。

As we all know,metal can be made into all kinds of things.众所周知，金属能够制成各种各样的东西。

6.be made up of意为“由……组成；由……构成”，侧重组成、构成的方式。例如：

The football team is made up of eleven players.足球队由11名队员组成。

Animal bodies are made up of cells.动物的身体是由细胞组成的。

7.be made to do sth.意为“被要求去做某事”。要注意的是，在主动语态的句子中 see、watch、hear、notice、make、have、let等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式不带to；当变为被动语态时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语，这些动词后面的不定式就要带to。例如：

He made us wait for a long time yesterday.→We were made to wait for a long time by him yesterday.他昨天让我们等了很长时间。

We saw Mr.Yu leave the office at 9:00 this morning.→Mr.Yu was seen to leave the office by us at 9:00 this morning.我们看见余先生早上九点离开了办公室。

8.be made for意为“为……制造的”，for后接表示服务的对象。例如：

This machine is made for farmers.这台机器是为农民制造的。

These school uniforms are made for children.这些校服是为孩子们做的。

9.be made after意为“仿照……制成”，after后接表示仿照的参照物。例如：

This building is made after that one.这幢建筑物是仿照那幢建成的。

These shelves are made after an old pattern.这些书架是仿造一种旧式样做的。

◎真题回放

1.Your gloves should be made______leather,for they feel soft and smooth.【2017·宿迁中考题】

A.in B.on C.for D.of

【答案与解析】D 句意:你的手套应该是皮革制成的，因为它们感觉很柔软光滑。B项无此搭配，可先排除；be made in意为“在……生产；在……制造”，be made for意为“为……制造的”，be made of意为“由……制成”。根据句意可知答案。

2.—Where is Maotai______?

—In Guizhou，China. 【2016·铜仁中考题】

A.made of B.made from

C.made in D.made by

【答案与解析】C 由答语“In Guizhou，China.(在中国贵州)”可知，空白处应填made in，be made in意为“在某地制造”。

3.—Food safety is very important.

—So some rules______to stop people from polluting food. 【2014·咸宁中考题】

A.must make B.must be made

C.must made D.be made

【答案与解析】B句意：——食品安全很重要。——因此一定要制定一些制度让人们远离食品污染。这里的rules与make之间是被动关系，且结合句意可知B项正确。

4.—The skirt looks different from others and it is nice.

—Thanks.It______by my mother last month.【2006·重庆中考题】

A.made B.is made

C.has been made D.was made

【答案与解析】D 从答句的时间状语last month可知，此处应用一般过去时，但主语是物(the skirt)，再结合by my mother可知，此处应用“由某人制作”的被动语态。

5.In some African countries,children are made______heavy work because their parents have died.【2018·西安模拟】

A.doing B.done C.do D.to do

【答案与解析】D “make+宾语+动词原形”结构表示“让或迫使某人做某事”。make后接动词不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式 to 省略。在 let、see、make、hear等动词后接不定式作宾语补足语时，不定式不带to，变为被动语态时，宾语补足语变为主语补足语，这些动词后面的不定式要带to。

◎尝试练习

一、单项选择。

( )1.That’s a nice watch!Is it______in China?

A.make B.making

C.made D.makes

( )2.—Is the tie made______silk?

—Yes.It’s made______Italy.

A.from;in B.of;in

C.from;of D.of;from

( )3.Though he often made his little sister______,today he was made______by her.

A.cry;to cry B.cried;crying

C.to cry;cry D.cry;cry

二、根据句意，填入恰当的介词或介词短语。

1.This piece of wood was made_______a small table.

2.The skirt is made_______cotton,and it was made______China.

3.We all know that paper is made______wood.

4.The TV sets are made________the workers in the factory.

5.I wonder if this kind of cars is made______Japanese or German ones.

6.The coat was made______her daughter.

7.The research group is made______six experts and two assistants.