珍品雕像 神秘非洲

□ 文/黎然 管晓锐 图/张殊

由重庆中国三峡博物馆联合比利时皇家中非博物馆、刚果盆地艺术史研究中心举办的《走进非洲：中非珍品雕像艺术展》于6月8日至9月9日在重庆对公众免费开放。该展作为重庆中国三峡博物馆着力打造地“世界文明与艺术系列展”之一，是2018年度引进的海外文化艺术大展。将引领观众从更宽广的视野审视世界各地文化艺术，不仅体现博物馆日趋成熟的展陈体系，也为观众搭建起了解非洲文化艺术的平台，进一步增进中国与非洲各国的艺术文化交流，促进双方人民的相互了解与尊重。

木雕是非洲艺术的皇冠，也是非洲人民想象力与创造力的凝聚，记录了他们对神灵、祖先，以及生活世界的赞美与歌颂，还是现代艺术的灵感来源之一。它启发了毕加索、马蒂斯、布朗库西和高更等艺术大师的创作，也影响了世界艺术史与美术史的发展。

展览共计展出120件/套非洲雕像。展品来自中部非洲地区12个风格区域，时代集中于18世纪到20世纪。展品大多数为木质，少数雕像采用陶制或布制等材质。雕像造型以人物描绘为主，除了男性和女性之外，还有少数雕像展示了怀抱婴儿的女性，个别的雕像展示了动物或者人和动物的结合。部分雕像曾用于部落的仪式，是非洲“仪式艺术”的重要载体，也是非洲历史、民俗与生活的真实见证。

中部非洲，有高大的热带植物和浓密的原始森林，人们在野兽、昆虫、疾病等侵扰下生存。当地的人们在面对灾害与不可知力量时，惯用“神力”去解释。他们会举行各种仪式，以祈求丰收、平安和健康。这是一种原始的逻辑，也是一种朴素的信仰。

源于对同族中死去的人的一种思念和尊崇，他们会为有重要影响的先祖塑造雕像，用于仪式与祭拜，让他们继续发挥生前的力量，保佑并赐福自己的子孙，并成为联系后世与神灵的桥梁。他们坚信人物雕像是神圣的事物，雕像的制作需得到领袖的许可，雕刻家才能在祖先与神灵的指引下进行创作。雕像也会由重要的人专职保管，平时不会轻易示人。只在某些周期性活动中，雕像会被展示，包括某些重要的节日，男孩和女孩的成人礼，新领导的就职典礼和长辈的葬礼。此外，雕像还会被用于狩猎活动、农耕典礼或其他重大事件中，以唤醒神灵的支持。

借他人之鉴，回到文化的本源，洗去尘世的铅华，寻找生命或者生活的意义，从而勇敢、坚强、无畏、自信地面对生活—《走进非洲:中非珍品雕像艺术展》展现非洲人民想象力与创造力。观众可沿着12个风格区的展示主线，去探寻各区域雕像艺术的差异与人们的精神追求，了解非洲人民的社会生活与精神信仰，体会非洲雕像艺术的广袤生命力。展览还配置了免费讲解与二维码互动项目，特设“走进非洲”文创品销售区。让观众在非洲传统音乐和雕像展品高清3D视频的背景下，探寻“什么是中非人物雕塑”“如何向雕像赋权”“雕像如何使用”等问题。

展品来自中部非洲地区12个风格区域，时代集中于18世纪到20世纪。

The "African Sculpture Art Exhibition", organized by the Chongqing. China Three Gorges Museum in conjunction with the Belgian Royal Museum of Central Africa(Musée royal de l'Afrique central，MRAC) and the Congo Basin Art History Research Center, was opened to the public for free in Chongqing from June 8th to September 9th. Among the “World Civilization and Art Exhibitions”, it is an exhibition featuring overseas culture and art introduced by the China Three Gorges Museum in 2018. It will expose the audience to the culture and art from all over the world from a broader perspective. It does not only reflect the increasingly mature exhibition system of the museum, but also builds a platform for the audience to understand African culture and art, further enhances the artistic and cultural exchanges between China and African countries, and promotes mutual understanding and respect between the people of both sides.

Woodcarving is the crown jewel of African art, embodying the imagination and creativity of African people. The carvings record their laud African people. The carvings record their laud and celebration for the gods, ancestors and the world of life. It is one of the sources of inspiration for modern art. It inspired the creation of artists such as Picasso, Matisse, Brancusi and Gauguin,as well as shaped the development of world art history and fi ne arts history.

A total of 120 pieces of African statues were exhibited in the exhibition. The exhibits gathered from 12 distinct style regions in Central Africa,which can find their sources from the 18th to the 20th century. Most of the exhibits are made of wood, and a few statues of ceramic or cloth.Mainly human figures, in addition to men and women, there are a few statues showing women holding babies.Among the collection, some statues show animals or an integration of humans and animals. Some of the statues used in tribal rituals are an important carrier of African “ritual art” and a true testimony of African history, folklore and life.

展览共计展出120件套非洲雕像。