Papillary glioneuronal tumor:Case report
2018-06-25任翠萍赵瑞琛程敬亮
陈 晨,任翠萍,赵瑞琛,程敬亮
(郑州大学第一附属医院磁共振科,河南 郑州 450052)
图1 乳头状胶质神经元肿瘤 A.矢状位MR T1WI平扫; B.轴位MR T2WI平扫; C.DWI; D.轴位MR T1WI增强扫描
患者男,28岁,主因“头痛、恶心、呕吐4个月”就诊。MRI:右侧侧脑室后角内见长T1混杂长T2信号(图1A、1B),约84 mm×62 mm×59 mm,FLAIR序列呈不均匀稍高信号;DWI未见明显扩散受限高信号(图1C);增强扫描病灶呈渐进性不均匀花环状强化(图1D)。MRI诊断:颅内占位性病变,考虑室管膜或胶质瘤。行右侧侧脑室肿瘤切除术,术中见脑组织稍向骨窗外膨隆,吸除颞叶部分脑组织后见肿瘤呈灰红色,质软,血供丰富。术后病理检查见瘤细胞以血管为中心排列成假乳头样结构,乳头状结构之间为神经元分化的细胞。免疫组化:GFAP(部分+),Oligo-2(+),S-100(+),CD34(血管+),Ki-67(5%+),IDH1(少量+),P53(+),EMA(-),Neu-N(+),Syn(+),NSE(+)。病理诊断:乳头状胶质神经元肿瘤(papillary glioneuronal tumor, PGNT;WHO Ⅰ级)。
讨论PGNT是一种罕见混合胶质神经肿瘤,既往认为系发生于中枢神经系统幕上和侧脑室旁、无复发倾向的良性肿瘤,而近年已有发生于小脑部位的PGNT以及恶性PGNT复发的相关报道[1]。PGNT好发于40岁以下患者,男女比例约为1∶1,典型临床表现为头痛和癫痫,最常见于颞叶、额叶,大多邻近脑室,极少位于脑室内和小脑。PGNT病灶多为囊性肿块或囊实混合性肿块[2],分界清楚,常见囊变,可见囊壁结节或钙化,多数囊性部分T1WI呈稍高于脑脊液的低信号,T2WI呈高信号,增强扫描呈环状强化,周边水肿相对较轻。本例肿瘤位于侧脑室后角内,相对少见,临床及影像学表现较为典型。鉴别诊断:①胶质母细胞瘤,好发于60岁以上患者,一般与周围组织分界不清,多呈不规则花环状强化,而多数PGNT界限清晰,好发于中青年;②室管膜瘤,位于幕上者一般表现为邻近脑室的囊实性肿块,呈不均匀强化,而PGNT可表现为幕上脑实质内带壁结节样肿块。此外,PGNT病理表现为围绕血管的假乳头状结构,而室管膜瘤肿瘤细胞呈放射状分布于血管周围,且瘤细胞无特征性的神经元分化。
[参考文献]
[1] Ahmed AK, Dawood HY, Gerard J, et al. Surgical resection and cellular proliferation index predict prognosis for patients with papillary glioneuronal tumor: Systematic review and pooled analysis. World Neurosurg, 2017,107:534-541.
[2] Schlamann A, von Bueren AO, Hagel C, et al. An individual patient data meta-analysis on characteristics and outcome of patients with papillary glioneuronal tumor, rosette glioneuronal tumor with neuropil-like islands and rosette forming glioneuronal tumor of the fourth ventricle. PLoS One, 2014,9(7):e101211.
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