要素串联法

殷华新

一、学生习作中的常见错误

高考英语写作中要求考生对给定素材进行约30个词的概述，由于没有接受过专门训练，很多考生在平时检测中，基本上是根据字面的意思和个人的理解，从文中直接选用部分词句进行概括，而不去考虑所概述内容是否精炼、准确和全面。经过一段时间的观察，笔者发现主要存在着这样几个问题：1. 概括内容要点不完整；2.使用太多细节内容而不是用概括的语言；3.过多引用原文词句；4.词数过多；5.用第一人称而不是第三人称转述；6.时态错误。

二、要素串联法的概念

所谓要素串联法就是考生通过认真阅读给定素材，快速确定关键要素，用符合英语习惯的正确表达把关键要素串联起来，形成一个完整的概述。

三、要素串联法的基本步骤

第一步：先通读全文，找出关键要素。

who → 谁

what → 何事

when → 何时

where → 何地

why → 原因

as a result / consequence / finally → 结果……， which led to...

第二步：用句型将要素串联起来。

The passage mainly tells us that sb. （who...） did sth. （at someplace / sometime） because of / as a result of / due to...， which led to... finally / eventually...

四、概要写作应满足的条件

（1）概括内容要点要：精、准、全。

（2）不得直接引用原文的句子（同义词组替换法；正话反说法；语态变换；简单句变复合句……）。

（3）词数：约30词（小于20词或大于40词，扣2分）。

（4）一般以第三人称来表述。

（5）与原文时态一致（正文和结尾除外）。

五、当堂操练

Last Sunday I went fishing. After setting up my fishing rod with bait， I sat down on the bank of the lake. But two hours later， I didnt catch any fish. I got very angry and began to pack up my stuff， preparing to go back home.

Just then， I saw an old man sitting near me. To my surprise， his basket was full of fish， so I went over to him， wanting to know why. “Excuse me， but how long have you sat here？” I asked. “About four hours，” he answered. “Four hours？” I couldnt believe my ears. “Yes. Its very important to be patient，” the old man said. “Dont consider fishing a tiring sport. Just enjoy it.” Suddenly， I understood what he said. I must learn to be patient. Then I sat there and waited for fish patiently. I felt a fish touch the bait， but I didnt move and waited for the right moment to reel it in. At last， I caught it. This made me very happy. In the following six hours， I caught over 10 fish.

On my way home， I thought what had happened on the bank. I gradually realized that the secret of success was patience.

第一步：先找出這篇短文的关键要素。

who → 谁①I （the writer） ②an old man

what → 何事①didnt catch any fish

②his basket was full of fish

when → 何时

where → 何地

why → 原因

①got very angry

②Its very important to be patient as a result → 结果learn to be patient； caught it

第二步：用句型将要素串联起来。

The passage mainly tells us that the writer who had no patience at first caught a lot of fish after becoming patient because of being influenced by an old man. Finally， he realized patience is the key to success.

六、課后巩固

Once upon a time some tiny frogs held a competition. The first to reach the top of a very high tower would be the winner. A big crowd gathered around the tower to see the race and cheer them on.

The race began. No one in the crowd really believed that any of the tiny frogs would reach the top of tower. “They will never make it to the top”， someone said. One by one， the tiny frogs began to collapse. The crowd kept shouting， “Its too difficult！ No frog will make it！”

More tiny frogs got tired and gave up， but one continued climbing， higher and higher. This one wouldnt give up.

In the end， he was the only one left. The only one to get to the top. The other frogs naturally wanted to know： How did the frog make it？

One frog stepped forward to ask the winner. It turned out that the winner was deaf.

He had won because he was able to keep his own mind. He couldnt hear criticism； neither could he hear praise. There is a lesson for us all in the little frogs story.

Dont let others hold you back on your way to your goal.

One possible version：

The passage mainly tells us that only one frog tried his best to get to the top of a high tower and won the race because of his deafness， which led to him sticking to his own goals.