侵华日军第731部队罪证陈列馆，哈尔滨，中国

2018-05-25ArchitecturalDesign&ResearchInstituteofSCUT

世界建筑 2018年5期

见证之地

侵华日军第731部队始建于1933年，他们犯下了细菌战、人体实验等战争罪行。1945年8月，日本投降前夕，731部队败逃之际炸毁了大部分建筑，形成了现在遗址的整体格局。设计任务包含遗址场地设计和罪证陈列馆设计两大部分。

由于城市的快速发展，现在遗址周围已经是哈尔滨平房中心区域，如何界定陈列馆范围与城市的关系就成为我们要解决的主要问题。首先，我们用绿地公园将遗址与周边的城市分离，缩小周围的空间形态与其形成的巨大反差，以期形成良好的过渡环境。其次，在场地内以保护原有遗迹为原则，设计专用导游线路，同时恢复731部队时期原有路网及周边的围墙作为场地设计的记忆框架，有选择性地还原已有的历史场景。

罪证陈列馆选址于现存日军本部大楼遗址东南，铁路专用线以东。为了降低其高度及减少体量感，我们把建筑体块斜插入基地之中。下沉的入口场地过滤了城市街道的影响，让广场成为一个可供集会的纪念性场地。

建筑以消隐、低调而有力的方式介入到场地之中，最终与场所及周边城市形成一个新的整体氛围，试图用一种平静的态度表达对这段反人类历史的反思。□

The witness of land.

Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army that invaded China was established in 1933, and committed crimes such as chemical and biological warfare and human experimentation. In August of 1945, on the eve of Japanese's surrender, the 731 Unit bombed and destroyed a large portion of buildings before fleeing, forming the overall configuration of the current ruins. The site design of the ruins and the design of the Unit 731 Museum are the two main design tasks.

Due to rapid urbanisation, the surrounding area around the ruins have became a central region for houses, hence, de fi ning the relationship between Museum and the city is the major issue we need to solve. Firstly, we formed a better transition of the environment by separating the ruins and surrounding city context with the use of greenbelt park, reducing the contrast between the Museum and surrounding spatial conditions. Secondly, we design guided route for the visitors to explore the ruin. Our principle is to preserve the ruin as is while restoring particular sections to recreate the historical scenes of the period.

The Exhibition Hall is located at the south east of the Japanese Imperial Army Headquarter. In order to reduce its height and the sense of existence, we sink the main building into the ground with submerged entrance to fi lter out the city. With this move, the square becomes a memorial site for the public to assemble.

The building intervenes with the site quietly yet powerfully, creating a new atmosphere with the city.It is expressing the history of humanity with a quiet attitude.□

项目信息/Credits and Data

业主/Client: 侵华日军第731部队罪证陈列馆/The Exhibition Hall of Evidences of Crime committed by Unit 731 of the Japanese Imperial Army

设计团队/Design Team: 何镜堂，倪阳，何炽立，何小欣，刘涛，罗梦豪，骆婉君，卢志伟，苏皓，晏忠，伍朝晖，王明洁，朱元正，陈梦君/HE Jingtang, Ni Yang,HE Chili, HE Xiaoxin, LIU Tao, LUO Menghao, LUO Wanjun,LU Zhiwei, SU Hao, YAN Zhong, WU Zhaohui, WANG Mingjie, ZHU Yuanzheng, CHEN Mengjun

建筑面积/Building Area: 9997m²

设计时间/Design: 2014.03 -2015.03

摄影/Photos: 姚力/YAO li