百年中和堂

文、图／张严新

○重建中的中和堂体现了存古、复古和创古的理念。Zhonghetang under reconstruction reflects the concepts of antique conservation, restoration and creation.

中国医药源远流长，自神农开药学之先河以来，经历了数千年的发展历程，为中华民族的生息繁衍做出了巨大贡献。

台儿庄“中和堂药栈”创办于1908年（清光绪三十四年），由滕县中和堂药栈派邱德法来台儿庄镇创办。坐落在丁字街南头（今顺河街北头）路东，有门市一座，后为近二亩大院，资金雄厚，药材齐全，质优价实，享有盛誉，为台儿庄地区及周边数十里内之著名药店，为全区人民健康做出了历史性的贡献。

当年在中和堂工作过的李景周老人今年85岁了，现和老伴在台儿庄金庄小区居住。虽然已到耄耋之年，但是他身板硬朗、精神矍铄，思维亦非常敏捷。他拿出了一本厚厚的油印《台儿庄区医药志》，凭着清晰的记忆，向我们讲述了中和堂的历史。

台儿庄中和堂药栈的资金、人员皆由滕县中和堂分派，有掌柜、二掌柜、管账先生、大伙计、二伙计、学徒工、4名专职药工，还有2名炊事员。创办之初，领东掌柜为邱德法，时有从业人员17名，人员之多，分工之细，居台儿庄各药店之首。

台儿庄区气候温和，雨量充沛，兼有低山丘陵、涝洼和平原三种地形，适宜多种中药材的生长。中和堂的货源广泛，除收购地产药材和外地药车送来的药材外，还经常派专人到天津、上海等城市采购中成药、西药和名贵中药材。中和堂很讲究药材质量，收购时，次货一律不收，加工时，遵古炮制、一丝不苟。药栈主要配制六味地黄丸、木香顺气丸、冰硼散、太乙膏、化毒丹等，品种之全为其他药店所不及。中和堂自开业起就宾客盈门，药店为招揽生意，狠下了3年工夫，发誓3年内售好药、不赚钱，药品都以贱价乃至赔本出售。这期间雇工一应人等的开支均由老板抽取其他收入补济，来购药的顾客觉察到中和堂的药确实货色好、价格廉，于是人人传说、广为知晓。江苏的邳县、铜山县北部地区和兰陵、苍山等地皆来此进药。药材和中成药批发业务越做越大，当年门庭若市，铳筒叮当之声震天响，开票、计价、收款、取药、包装，一片繁忙景象，逐渐代替了老字号仁寿堂药店的批发业务。

中和堂的生意之所以日益兴隆，还与其良好的服务态度密切相关。中和堂内设坐堂先生，既出售药材，又方便群众看病。每有顾客来店，先由小伙计让座、献茶、敬烟，热情问候，稍事休息，再谈购药事宜。问明后，列单付柜抓药，分类各包，然后对单验查，无误后，方送顾客离店。对远方来店批发购货的顾客，除敬烟、献茶外，还安排吃饭、住宿，晚饭后安排洗澡，为远方的客人解乏。有时掌柜的还陪顾客逛街、看戏、浏览市容，体验当地风土民情，掌柜抽不出时间时，另派专人作陪，因此，顾客来店皆有“客至如家”之感。中和堂店门两侧当年的对联为：“中正存心深积德，和平养气广生财”，正是靠“积德生财”，中和堂名声在外，民国初年曾有一军官说道：“我到过的地方不算少，惟独台儿庄有三好：一是中和堂的药好，二是泰山庙朱家的馍馍好，三是前河崖彭家饭馆的菜好。”

○保存下来的墙壁已斑驳，但仍能让人想象到当年的气派。Though the preserved wall is mottled, it can still remind us of its style in those years.

○抚摸着斑驳的墙壁，让人感慨万千。Touching the mottled wall, you may have all sorts of feelings.

○说起中和堂的历史，李景周老人津津有味。The old man Li Jingzhou spoke of the history of Zhonghetang with interests.

1938年3月，日本侵略军进攻台儿庄，中和堂药栈毁于战火。同年11月，滕县人张玉琨，原为中和堂药栈的伙计，在台儿庄镇丁字街开设了德和祥药栈。1939年5月，中和堂经过整修后和其他中西药店（房）陆续恢复营业，但其因损失过大，终未恢复元气，业务盛势逐渐让位于战后新建的德和祥药栈。至1949年，台儿庄地区计有带堂号的中药店25家，西药房3家，其中较大的就是中和堂药栈和德和祥药栈。

中华人民共和国成立后，党和政府非常关心医药商业的发展，1956年1月公私合营时，中和堂药栈经理张干才率职工7人，全店加入了“公私合营台儿庄中和堂药店”。

编辑／郭蓓蓓

○ 重建后的台儿庄保留了中和堂那个时期的建筑风格。The rebuilt Taierzhuang retains the architectural style in the period of Zhonghe Hall.

○重建前的中和堂矗立在顺河街。Before reconstruction, Zhonghetang stood at Shunhe Street.

Ta ier zhua ng “Zhong heta ng Drugstore” was founded in Ta ier zhua ng Tow n by Qiu Defa and was designated as the Teng County Zhonghetang Drugstore in 1908 (34th year of the Guangxu Period of the Qing Dynasty). As a famous drugstore in Taierzhuang and surrounding areas, it made a historic contribution to the health of people in the entire district.

Since its opening for business,Zhonghetang has always been full of customers. They found the medicine attractive in price and quality, so the store became widely praised and widely-known. Its simple medicine a n d C h i n e s e p a t e n t m e d i c i n e wholesale business was booming,with employees busy in invoicing,price calculation, payment collection,dispensing and packing, eventually replacing that of the time-honored brand – Renshoutang Drugstore.

In March 1938, as the Japanese i nvade r at t ac ke d Ta ie r z hu a ng,Zhonghetang Drugstore was destroyed in the war. In November 1938, Zhang Yukun from Teng County established Dehexiang Drugstore at Taierzhuang Town. In May 1939, Zhonghetang resumed business. However, due to its excessive loss, it gradually gave way to Dehexiang in terms of business.I n 19 49, t h e r e w e r e 25 t i m ehonored TCM stores and 3 western drugstores in Taierzhuang, among which, Zhonghetang and Dehexiang belonged to bigger ones. During the period of joint state-private ownership in January 1956, Zhang Gancai, Manager of Zhonghetang Drugstore, led his 7 employees to join “Taierzhuang State-Pr ivate Zhonghetang Drugstore”.