阳明文化闪亮戏曲舞台
2018-04-04应磊孙志鹏
应磊 孙志鹏
“五十余年如流星,功过荣辱一风轻……”1月15日晚,北京长安大戏院灯光璀璨。舞台上,一身素衣的“王阳明”声若洪钟,将自己跌宕起伏的一生娓娓道来。戏曲开场,修竹丛中,王阳明苦苦思索,声、光、电交织,他若有顿悟,在铿锵的唱词中阳明精神似乎显现出来。
从阳明故里到首都北京,浙江余姚市姚剧保护传承中心承演的姚剧历史剧《王阳明》完美演绎阳明文化,播洒传统文化甘露。
故乡戏曲,演绎阳明文化
姚剧《王阳明》的演出阵容以市姚剧保护传承中心的第七代、第八代姚剧传承人为主,多位国家一级演员倾情参演,通过悟理、立功、治理社会等篇章,以传记体的形式,讲述了阳明先生格竹、剿匪、传道讲学等跌宕起伏、文治武功的一生,体现了阳明先生“知行合一”“致良知”和“明德亲民”的思想精髓,观众在看完演出后无不为剧中所展现阳明先生的思想精神而动容。
姚剧,起源于浙江余姚,脱胎于民间歌舞及民间说唱艺术,形成于18世纪中叶,至今已有260余年的历史。因用余姚方言演唱,故俗称“余姚滩簧”,简称“姚滩”,又名“鹦哥戏”。2008年,姚剧被列入国家级非物质文化遗产保护名录。
用地方戏曲来演绎阳明文化,也是故乡人致敬这位伟大先贤的一种方式。
余姚利用阳明故里的独特优势,凝聚骨干力量精心创作编排了姚剧《王阳明》,并反复打磨复排,以经典传承剧目的形式重新搬上舞台,用“阳明文化”作为全民艺术普及工程的精神源泉,弘扬先贤文化,传承优秀传统文化,使姚剧这一国家级非遗项目的代表性剧目能够代代相传。
姚剧《王阳明》由杨东标、张金海创作,历时3年,十易其稿。有业内人士评价说,这部戏曲可以说是姚剧发展史上具有里程碑意义的舞台精品。它实现了姚剧在思想性、艺术性、认知性上的突破。不仅在历史题材上有所创新,在舞台布景、演员表演、音乐创作、服装设计等方面也令人耳目一新。
姚剧《王阳明》登上舞台后,除了在央视戏曲频道《地方戏之窗》栏目多次播放,还于2011年应邀赴中国台湾地区进行文化交流演出,赢得当地观众的好评。如今,该剧演出场次已达百余场,先后获得中国戏剧文学奖金奖、浙江省第十届精神文明建设“五个一工程”奖、浙江省第十一届戏剧节新剧目大奖等重量级奖项。
晋京展演,收获各界赞誉
2018年伊始,听闻北京长安大戏院上演姚剧《王阳明》,国内戏曲专家、阳明心学研究专家、余姚在京乡贤、众多北京市民以及自发前来北京的余姚戏迷近800人齐聚一堂,共同观看姚剧历史剧《王阳明》。
这次晋京,对于姚剧来说,意义非凡。这是自1991年10月姚剧首次晋京演出以来,时隔27年再次晋京展演。
对于广大北京观众而言,姚剧是一个并不多见的剧种,因为语言及表演形式的差异,在晋京演出之前,余姚市姚剧保护传承中心主任倪乐辉担心演出可能会遇冷,但没想到竟然出现了一票难求的现象。
把阳明文化从阳明故里带到首都北京,姚剧《王阳明》也收获了各界人士的赞誉。
著名作家、《知行合一王阳明》的作者度阴山说,王阳明的亲民思想,是保民、爱民与富民,以民之好恶为好恶,主张为政者的根本之道,即是“明德亲民”,它继承了孔孟“仁政”“爱民”的亲民思想传统,又体现了王阳明良知学说的民本特质。姚剧《王阳明》把阳明先生重视民生的思想主张完美地融进戏剧情节,通过丝丝入扣的场景演绎,抓住了观众心理,以一种潜移默化的方式弘扬传播阳明思想和阳明文化。
著名青年京剧表演艺术家、新京剧创始人和领军者储兰兰给予了姚剧《王阳明》高度评价,她表示,阳明心学并不是僵化的学问,而是具有强大生命力和实践意义的鲜活文化。余姚把王阳明这位圣贤倡导的“知行合一”思想和践行的为国为民担当精神,通过戏剧的形式生动地进行展示,既通俗易懂,又站位高远,作为炎黄子孙,我们应当更加深入发掘阳明文化并加以发扬光大。
著名中国戏剧专家曾献平认为,姚剧《王阳明》的成功,不仅具有艺术意义,而且具有学术意义和解放思想的意义。全剧深刻反映了阳明思想,也就是尊重生命的“民本”思想。正因为剧情紧紧扣住了这个主题,才演绎出一幕幕发人深思、惊心动魄的戏剧场景。
北京观众刘然表示,早就知道王阳明先生是集“立德、立功、立言”于一身的“三不朽”历史人物,这次能欣赏来自阳明故里的姚剧表演,让观众更加深刻地感受到了阳明先生的“圣人”境界。姚剧的唱腔节奏明快,唱词和表演形式通俗易懂,作为一名北京人,能看到这样精彩的演出,机会的确难得。
阳明精神,散发持久魅力
500多年前,当王阳明在案头执笔沉思之时,他不会想到,如今在其故乡浙江余姚,会有一家互联网公司研发出王阳明高仿真机器人,可挥毫写下“知行合一”四字;坐落在余姚的王阳明故居,会成为全球阳明文化“粉丝”的“朝圣之地”。
王阳明继承宋代陆九渊的“心即理”学说,提倡“知行合一”和“致良知”,成为儒学的一个学派,被称为“阳明学”。阳明学是明朝中晚期的主流学说之一,后传至日本、朝鲜半岛以及东南亚等地,影响深远。
這位出生在余姚的明代著名哲学家、教育家、军事家,是中国近五百年思想变革的先驱。王阳明在余姚度过了童年时代,后又多次返乡祭祖、讲学、探亲。
王陽明的学术思想和精神内涵今天仍被世人广为传颂弘扬。如今,在余姚,王阳明已成为一个响亮的“文化符号”,且经过现代挖掘和解读,阳明文化的影响正不断扩大。
余姚市委宣传部主要负责人说,阳明思想是中国优秀传统文化的有机组成部分,也是增强中华儿女文化自信的重要内容。王阳明先生一生既为官又倡学,先后提出“知行合一”“致良知”等哲学命题,最终完善了“心学”思想体系,时至今日依然散发着光辉和魅力。
王阳明的精神深深感染着家乡人民。作为王阳明的出生之地,近年来,余姚不断擦亮王阳明这张“金名片”,深入挖掘阳明文化的现代内涵,坚守延续王阳明思想的研究传承。王阳明精神蕴含着优秀历史文化的丰厚养分、饱含着推进现实发展的精神要素,与社会主义核心价值观所倡导的内容高度一致。
一直以来,余姚十分重视王阳明思想的研究传承,始终以传播、传承和弘扬阳明思想为己任,建设了阳明故居、阳明公园等一批文化地标,搭建了国际阳明学研究中心、阳明心学高峰论坛、阳明讲堂等一批传播平台,推出了《王阳明全集》、电视艺术片《王阳明》等一批精品力作,努力让阳明思想在家乡的大地上弥久而恒新、绵绵而增辉。
链接
王阳明简介:
王阳明(1472年10月31日~1529年1月9日),名守仁,字伯安。浙江余姚人,明代著名思想家、文学家、哲学家和军事家,陆王心学之集大成者,精通儒家、道家、佛家。弘治十二年(1499年)进士,历任刑部主事、贵州龙场驿丞、庐陵知县、右佥都御史、南赣巡抚、两广总督等职,晚年官至南京兵部尚书、都察院左都御史。因平定宸濠之乱军功而被封为新建伯,隆庆年间追赠新建侯,谥文成。阳明学立德、立言于一身,是明代影响最大的哲学思想,其学术思想传至日本、朝鲜及东南亚,弟子极众,影响极大,世称姚江学派。
(本文图片由余姚市委宣传部提供)
Yaoju Opera artists from Yuyao, a county-level city under the administration of Ningbo in eastern Zhejiang, staged at Changan Grand Theater in Beijing on the evening of January 15, 2018.
Present at the show was an audience of about 800 people, including theater experts and scholars, natives of Yuyao working and living in Beijing, fans from Yuyao, and local theatergoers of Beijing.
The performance in Beijing this year is a huge chapter in the history of the Yaoju Opera, a regional theater genre that has been around in Yuyao for about 260 years. The local dialect is used in the opera. Since 2008, the opera has been on the list of national intangible cultural heritage.
A small genre in Chinas galaxy of numerous traditional operas Yaoju Opera is largely confined to Yuyao. Before the Yaoju Opera artists came to Beijing last January, Ni Lehui, director of the Center for Preserving and Promoting Yaoju Opera, had been worried that the play might not be welcomed in the countrys capital. The worry sounded justifiable. The last time the troupe performed in Beijing was October 1991. A lot of things have happened and changed since 27 years ago. All the artists in the play come from the center. Among the artists are some seventh and eighth generation artists of the Yaoju Opera if the artists 260 years ago can be considered the first generation. To surprise and delight of everyone concerned, tickets sold like hot cakes.
Wang Yangming (1472-1529) was an idealist Neo-Confucian philosopher, official, educationist, calligraphist and general during the Ming dynasty (1368-1644). He is widely regarded one of the four greatest masters of Confucianism in history along with Confucius, Mencius and Zhu Xi. He is widely admired for both his scholarship and achievements as a government official and military commander.
The opera play script was created by Yang Dongbiao and Zhang Jinhai. The script was rewritten ten times over a period of three years. Since its premiere in 2007, the play has been performed over 100 times. The Theater Channel of CCTV has broadcast it nationwide several times. In 2011, the Yaoju Opera Troupe visited Taiwan and performed the play. The play has won top national and provincial awards for its excellence.
the Beijing audience saw in January 2018 is not exactly what it looked like in 2007. The play has been fine-tuned in many ways. Modern stage gadgets have been introduced: lighting, stage setting and décor, music and costumes are better than what the traditional Yaoju Opera could offer. The play is more than artistry, though. It visualizes and highlights Wang Yangming, his life story and his brave, pioneering and creative thinking into a realm unknown in the history.
This is no coincidence that Wang Yangming was a native of Yuyao and that the artists speaking the same dialect Wang spoke centuries ago are all natives of Yuyao. The artists all grew up in Yuyao, absorbing the wisdom from the philosopher. The play is a monument in the history of Yaoju Opera, exploring the contemporary and future possibilities of the traditional performance.
In fact, the Yaoju Opera play is one of multiple cultural undertakings Yuyao City has conducted for years. In Yuyao, Yangming Residence and Yangming Park are cultural landmarks. The city also hosts a series of cultural events including the summit seminar on the Neo-Confucianism school of mind started by Wang Yangming and the Yangming Academy. Yuyao has also produced a television film on the life and work of Wang Yangming.