❷would rather用法面面观
2018-04-04湖北覃云华
湖北 覃云华
◆用法点拨
would rather是英语中常见的惯用的结构形式（美国英语中多用had rather）。would rather的缩写成“'d rather”形式，would在此毫无“过去”之意，且无词性、时态的变化。
为了帮助同学们正确地学习和使用would rather，现将其常见用法归纳如下：
一、would rather+动词原形
“would rather+动词原形”形式，意为“宁可……；宁愿……；最好……”，常用来表示选择的意愿。其否定形式为“would rather not do sth.”。例如：
①The old man would rather donate money to charity than buy himself expensive things.这位老人宁愿将钱捐给慈善组织，也不愿为自己买昂贵的东西。
② You'd rather not wake a sleeping dog，would you?你总不想没事找麻烦，对吧？
二、would rather...than...
would rather与than连用，可以构成另一个惯用句式，即“would rather...than...”或“would...rather than...”，意为“宁可（愿）……（而）不要（愿）……”“与其……不如……”用以表达主语的意愿，强调经过选择后做其中的一件事，而不愿做另一件事。例如：
①—Driving less，walking more is good for our health.开车越少，走路越多对我们的健康越有好处。
—So I'd rather take an hour's walk to work than consider driving a car.所以我宁愿花一个小时步行去上班，也不考虑开车去上班。
②—Let's play football on the playground.让我们在操场上踢足球吧。
—It's too hot outside.I would stay at home rather than go out.外面太热了。我宁愿待在家里也不愿出去。
【注意】在使用would rather...than...结构时，应注意以下几点：
1.would rather...than.../would...rather than...也可以颠倒为rather than...would...。would(rather)和than后都接不带to的动词不定式，若选用的动词相同，那么than后的动词可以省略。例如：
①I would rather have rice than noodle.我宁愿吃米饭也不吃面条。
②Rather than work in such bad condition，he would give up.与其在这样差的条件下工作，他宁愿放弃。
2.使用“would rather...than...”句型时，要注意“平行结构”，即在than的前后要用两个同类的词或词组，如两个名词、两个动词不定式、两个介词短语等。例如：
①I would rather go to work by bike than by bus.我宁愿骑自行车也不愿乘公共汽车去上班。
②I would rather talk with his mother than with his father.我宁愿和他妈说话而不愿和他爸说话。
③I would rather fail than cheat in the examination.我宁愿考试不及格，也不愿意考试作弊。
三、would rather与would rather...than...用于疑问句
在疑问句中，would rather与would rather...than...中的would要放在主语之前。例如：
① Which would you rather have，apples or bananas?你喜欢吃苹果还是香蕉？
②Would you rather read a novel than read a poem?你宁愿看小说而不愿朗读诗歌吗？
四、would rather+从句
“would rather+从句”是一个常用的虚拟语气句型，该句型中的谓语动词一般用过去时来表示现在或将来。其意为“宁愿……；还是……好些”“一个人宁愿另一个人做某事”。
在这类句型中，引导从句的that常被省略。在谈到过去的动作时，谓语动词则用过去完成时态。例如：
①John wants to see me today.I would rather he came to tomorrow than today.约翰今天想去看我。我宁愿他明天来看我而不是今天。(句中came不是表示过去而是表示将来)
②We'd rather he paid us the money tomorrow.我们宁愿他明天付给我们那笔钱。
③I'd rather she had asked me before borrowing the car.我真希望她先问我一声再借车。
◆真题链接
1.His uncle would rather_______the old bike than _______a new one.
【2015·烟台中考题】
A.repair；to buy B.to repair；buy
C.repair；buy D.to repair；to buy
【答案与解析】C 本题考查动词不定式的用法。句意为“他叔叔宁愿_______旧自行车也不愿意_______一辆新的。”repair意为“修理”，buy意为“买”。 would rather do sth.than do sth.意为“宁愿做某事而不愿做某事”。根据语境选项C符合题意。
2.I prefer_______the failure rather than_______my dream.
【2018·龙东中考题】
A.experience;to give up
B.to experience;give up
C.experiencing;giving up
【答案与解析】C 本题考查prefer及rather than的用法。句意：我宁愿经历失败，也不会放弃梦想。prefer意为“更喜欢……”，与动词连用时用动词-ing形式；...rather than...意为“……而不愿……”，rather than前后连接的是相同的部分。故选择C项。
3.—Are you going swimming this afternoon?
—I'd rather _______with you.
【2016·兰州中考题】
A.to go shopping B.go shoping
C.to go shoping D.go shopping
【答案与解析】D 答句中I'd rather是I would rather的缩写形式。would rather意为“宁愿”，后面接动词原形，排除A、C两项；shop的动词-ing形式为shopping，排除B项。故选择D项。
◆跟踪检测
一、根据句意，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项。
1.—Which do you prefer， Chinese food or Western food?
—I would rather_______Chinese food.Let's have noodles.
A.to have B.having
C.had D.have
2.At present，many people would rather_______in the country because there is _______pollution in the city.
A.live;more B.to live;less
C.live;less D.to live;more
3.—I won't go to the concert this evening.I_______watch the NBA on TV.It's more exciting.
A.had better B.would rather
C.ought to D.have to
4.—Would you like some fried rice?
—I would rather eat noodles _______have beef in them.
A.that B.than
C.what D.as
二、根据汉语句子，完成下列英语句子。每空词数不限。
5.他宁可住在乡下，也不愿意在城市里谋生。
He'd rather__________________________.
6.她宁愿严格要求自己也不愿放弃梦想。
She would rathe________________________r__.
7.但愿他不会把这件事告诉她。
I would rather he__________________________about it.
8.你比较喜欢成为一位歌手还是合唱团中的一员?
__________________________a solo artist or in a group?
9.我倒想不告诉你为好。
__________________________you.
10.我真希望你那天没有把那消息告诉他。
I'd rather __________________________the news that day.
