❶典型句型大聚会
2018-04-03江苏李建高
江苏 李建高
●句型梳理
1.I either watch TV or play computer games.
either...or...意为“要么……要么……;或者……或者……”,用来连接并列的单词、短语或句子。它连接两个并列主语时,谓语动词应该与最紧邻的主语在人称和数上保持一致。例如:
You can go to work either by bus or by bike.你可以乘公共汽车或者骑自行车去上班。
Either we go now or we remain here forever.要么我们现在离开,要么我们永远留在这里。
Either you or your sister has to stay at home.要么你要么你妹妹必须待在家里。
【真题链接】
_______Lucy_______you can’t go to the party.One of you has to stay at home to look after your grandma. 【2017·呼和浩特中考题】
A.Neither;nor B.Either;or
C.Not only;but also D.Both;and
【答案与解析】B 根据后句句意“你们其中一个人必须待在家里照顾你的奶奶。”可知,前句句意应为“要么露西要么你不能参加聚会”,符合“either...or...”句型。
2.How long does it take you to get to school?
It takes sb.some time to do sth.意为“做某事要花费某人多长时间”。其中,it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式短语to do sth.。例如:
It takes Anna only one minute to eat up an apple.安娜吃掉一个苹果只需花费一分钟。
It will take him one hour to get to Shanghai by train.坐火车去上海要花费他一个小时。
【真题链接】
—It takes me half an hour_______playing the piano.How about you?
—I usually spend 20 minutes_______it.【2017·齐齐哈尔中考题】
A.practicing;on
B.to practice;in
C.to practice;on
【答案与解析】C句意:——练钢琴花费我半个小时。你呢?——我通常在它上面花20分钟。It takes sb.some time to do sth.意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”;spend...on sth.意为“花费……在某事上”。
3.Why don’t you like tigers?
“Why don’t you+动词原形+其他?”结构,意为“你为何不……?”,可以用来提出建议,相当于“Why not+动词原形+其他?”形式。例如:
Why don’t you read some books about science?=Why not read some books about science?你为什么不读一些关于科学的书呢?
【真题链接】
—Bob,I’m not good at English.What should I do?
—Why not_______an English club to practice_______English.【2017·眉山中考题】
A.to join;speaking B.join;to speak
C.to join;to speak D.join;speaking
【答案与解析】D“Why not+动词原形+其他?”意为“为什么不……?”;practice意为“练习;实践”,作及物动词时,后可接名词、代词、v.-ing形式作宾语。
4.—Hi! How’s the weather in Beijing?
—It’s sunny.
How’s the weather...? 意为“……天气怎么样?”,常用来询问天气情况,weather后可以跟时间状语或地点状语。对其作答时,常用“It is/It’s+天气情况的形容词”或“It is/It’s+v.-ing形式”。例如:
—How’s the weather in Xi’an now? 现在西安天气怎么样?
—It’s raining.正在下雨。
【拓展】What’s the weather like...?也用来询问天气情况,可以与How’s the weather...?互换使用。例如:
—What’s the weather like in Canada in winter?加拿大冬季的天气怎么样?
—It’s very cold.非常寒冷。
【真题链接】
—What’s the weather like today?
—_______. 【2016·黔西南中考题】
A.It’s Sunday B.It’s sunny
C.I hope so D.Thanks
【答案与解析】B 选项A意为“是星期天”,选项B意为“天气晴朗”,选项C意为“我希望是这样”,选项D意为“多谢”。根据问句“今天天气怎么样?”可知,选项B符合题意。
5.—How’s it going?
—Not bad,thanks.
How’s it going?意为“近况如何?”“最近怎么样?”“一切都好吗?”,是朋友或熟人之间见面时的问候语。回答时可根据不同的情况选择相应的答语,如“Pretty good.”“Great.”“Not bad.”“Terrible.”等。例如:—Hi,Amy.Nice to meet you.How’s it going? 嗨,埃米!很高兴见到你。最近怎么样?
—Great.很好。
【真题链接】
—It’s a long time since we met last year,Alice.How’s it going?
—_______.Many thanks.【2017·重庆中考题】
A.Pretty good B.The same to you
C.It doesn’t matter D.Help yourself
【答案与解析】A 选项A意为“相当好”,选项B意为“你(们)也一样”,选项C意为“没关系”,选项D意为“自取;自用”。根据问句“艾丽斯,自从去年我们相遇以来好长时间了,最近怎么样?”可知,选项A符合题意。
6.—What does your friend look like?
—She’s of medium height,and she has long straight hair.
What does sb.look like?是用来询问人物的外貌特征的问句,回答时常用“主语+is+外貌特征的形容词”或“主语 +has(a/an)+形容词 +名词”或“主语+is+介词短语”的结构形式来描述。例如:
—What does your father look like?你父亲长得什么样子?
—He is very tall and has short hair.他很高并且留着短发。
【真题链接】
—What does your new classmate look like?
—_______. 【2016·昆明中考题】
A.He is from Australia
B.He is tall and of medium build
C.He is very nice to others
D.He has a pair of blue shoes
【答案与解析】B 选项A意为“他来自澳大利亚”,选项B意为“他个子高高的,中等身材”,选项C意为“他对其他人很好”,选项D意为“他有一双蓝色的鞋子”。根据问句的意思可知,选项B符合题意。
7.Would you like a large bowl?
Would you like...? 意为“你(们)想要 /愿意……吗?”,用来向对方礼貌地提出建议、请求或邀请,后可接名词、代词或动词不定式,在该句型中,常用some而不用any。对该句型作肯定回答时,常用“Yes,please.”或“(Yes,)I’d like/love to.”等;作否定回答时,常用“No,thanks.”、“I’m afraid not.”或“I’d like to,but...”等。例如:
—Would you like some bananas?你想要些香蕉吗?
—Yes,please.Just a few.是的,只要几个。
—Would you like to go skating?你想去滑冰吗?
—Yes,I’d love to,but I have to look after my sister.是的,可我不得不照看我的妹妹。
【真题链接】
—Would you like to join me in making cakes tomorrow?
—_______ 【2017·上海中考题】
A.It doesn’t matter. B.Don’t worry.
C.You’re welcome. D.I’d love to.
【答案与解析】D 选项A意为“没关系”,选项B意为“别担心”,选项C意为“别客气”,选项D意为“我很乐意”。根据问句“明天你愿意和我一起参加制作蛋糕吗?”可知,选项D符合题意。
8.But I was so tired that I went to sleep early.
“so+形容词 /副词 +that...”意为“太……以至于……”,用来引导结果状语从句,that后面接句子。例如:Xiaoming was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.小明太生气了以至于说不出话。
He ran so fast that I couldn’t follow him.他跑得太快以至于我跟不上他。
【拓展】such...that...的含义与so...that...相同,但由于such是形容词,故只能修饰名词或名词词组。例如:Mike is such an honest man that we all believe him.迈克是个很诚实的人,大家都相信他。
【真题链接】
The TV play Journey to the West is_______interesting_______I would like to watch it again.【2017·龙东中考题】
A.such;that
B.too;to
C.so;that
【答案与解析】C 根据句型结构可先排除B项,因为interesting是形容词,故该句只能用“so...that...”句型而不能用“such...that...”句型。
●跟踪训练
一、根据句意,从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择最佳选项。
1.Jane and I are in the same room.Either she_______I clean it in the morning.
A.and B.or
C.but D.so
2.—How long does it take you_______to the bookstore?
—Ten minutes.
A.walks B.walk
C.to walk D.walking
3.—How’s it going,Tim?
—_______.I’m having fun.
A.Terrible B.You’re welcome
C.Thank you D.Pretty good
4.—Would you like to go shopping?
—_______.
A.Yes,I would B.Yes,I’d love to
C.No,I wouldn’t D.No,just a little
二、按要求完成句子,每空一词。
5.How’s the weather in Shanghai?(改为同义句)
_______the weather_______in Shanghai?
6.My friend has short hair.(对画线部分提问)
_______ _______ your friend ______________?
7.I’m very busy.I can’t chat with you on QQ now.(合并为一句)
I’m_______busy_______I can’t chat with you on QQ now.
8.Why don’t you go there with us this weekend?(改为同义句)
______________go there with us this weekend?