英语『花费』有讲究
2018-04-02广东怀玉丹
广东 怀玉丹
□用法辨析
动词cost,spend,pay,take都可以表示“花费”的意思,但其用法各不相同。
★cost意为“价值(若干)”“花费(多少钱)”,主语通常是物,常用结构为“sth.cost(s)sb.some money”,意为“某物花了某人多少钱”。例如:
The magazine cost me four dollars.这本杂志花了我四美元。
How much does the new car cost?这部新车值多少钱?
★spend的主语必须是人,常用于“sb.spend time/money on sth.(某人在某物上花费时间 /金钱)”或“sb.spend time/money(in)doing sth.(某人花费时间 /金钱做某事)”结构。例如:
Don't spend too much on clothes.不要在衣服上花费太多(钱)。
The boy spends about two hours (in)playing computer games every day.这个男孩每天花大约两个小时的时间玩电子游戏。
Sometimes he spends 3 yuan on the snacks.有时他花3元钱买小吃。
★pay的主语通常是人,常用于“pay for sth.(付……的钱)”“pay sb.money for sth.(付钱给某人买……)”和“pay for sb.(替某人付钱)”等结构。例如:
How much did you pay for the computer?你花了多少钱买这台电脑?
Mr.White has to pay them 50 pounds for this room each month.怀特先生每个月必须为这间房付给他们50英镑的房租。
Don't worry.I will pay for you.别担心。我将为你付款。
★take多指“花费时间”,常用句型为“It takes sb.+时间+to do sth.”,其中it是形式主语,真正的主语是后面的动词不定式。例如:
It took my father half an hour to read newspapers yesterday.我的父亲昨天花了半个小时读报纸。
【真题链接】
—Do you know how much Mary _____all these books?
—They _____ only 200 yuan!
【2017·黔西南州中考题】
A.spent;cost
B.paid for;spent
C.paid for;cost
D.cost;spent
【答案与解析】C “Sb.spends some money on sth.”意为“某人在某物上花费多少钱”;Sb.pays for sth.意为“某人为某物付钱”;Sth.costs sb.some money意为“某物花费某人多少钱”。第一空前的主语Mary是人,后面是某物,应用pay for;第二空前的They指的是“书”,表示的是物,横线后面是钱数,应用cost。
□巩固练习
选用take,pay,spend或cost的适当形式填空。
1.Jack _____ about two hours doing his homework last night.
2.If you lose the library book,you'll have to _______for it.
3.The new mobile phone _______my friend 3,500 yuan last month.
4.It _______me about twenty minutes to ride to school every day.