When Dolphins Hunt for Fish
2018-03-07ByMarthaHolmes翻译Boy
⊙ By Martha Holmes翻译:T Boy
听力难度英式发音 适合背诵语速:130词/分钟
Our planet may be home to 30 million different kinds of animals and plants, each individual locked in its own life-long fight for survival. Everywhere you look, on land or in the ocean, there are extraordinary examples of the lengths living things go to to stay alive.
This is the coast of Florida. Here, strange1)scarson the seabed2)hintat one animal’s remarkable strategy.
These are bottlenose dolphins, one of the most intelligent animals on Earth. Their3)preyis very4)elusive, fast-swimming fish.But the dolphins have invented a completely new way of hunting. By beating its tail down hard, this dolphin stirs up the shallow5)silt.And by swimming in a tight circle, it creates a ring of6)mushroomingmud around a7)shoal of fish. The8)contractingring traps the fish just like a net.
Panicked, the fish jump to escape, right into the open mouths of the waiting dolphins.Again and again, the lead dolphin creates a circle, before they all line up with perfect timing.
These dolphins are the only ones known to have developed this hunting behaviour and it gives them an9)edge. This sort of advantage may mean the difference between life and death in the survival of the10)fittest.
1) scar [skɑː(r)] n. 疤,痕;印记
2) hint [hɪnt] v. 暗示,提示
3) prey [preɪ] n. 被捕食的动物
4) elusive [ɪ΄luːsɪv] adj. 难以捕获的
5) silt [sɪlt] n. 淤泥,淤沙
6) mushroom [΄mʌʃrʊm] v. 迅速成长,呈蘑菇状扩散
7) shoal [ʃəʊl] n. 鱼群
8) contracting [kɒn΄træktɪŋ] adj. 收缩的,缩小的
9) edge [edʒ] n. 优势
10) fittest [fɪtiːst] adj. 适当的,胜任的
提起聪明的海豚,你会想起它们在海洋世界里表演的高难度动作,还是多次挺身相救溺水者的故事呢?其实,与许多动物一样,海豚的聪明才智首先体现在生存技能上,而海里的鱼自然是食物中的不二之选。一起来看看它们的捕鱼技巧吧。
见招拆招
这篇讲述海豚捕鱼技巧的文章并不长,只有206个字,但有引子、主体内容、总结与升华,结构完整,内容充实,引人入胜。文章虽短,但句子结构丰富多样,信息量大。作者善于通过运用不同的句型结构增强文章的层次感,呈现生动的场面感。短文既有概括叙述,又有细节描写,是一篇优秀的记叙短文。建议同学们反复细读、听录音,争取把它背下来,为自己日后的造句、作文做积累。
参考译文
大约有三千多万种动植物以我们生活的地球为家,每个物种终其一生都要为存亡而战。无论你将目光投向何处,陆地还是海洋,总会看到各物种为生存而竭尽全力的奇妙例子。
这里是美国佛罗里达州的一处海岸,海床上的奇怪印记暗示着一种动物采取的精明战术。
它们是宽吻海豚,是地球上高智商动物中的佼佼者。它们要猎食的鱼速度很快,很难逮住,但是海豚发明了一种全新的猎食技巧。它们通过用力拍打尾巴,搅起浅海床上的淤泥,再绕小圈游动,用浑浊的泥水将一群鱼包围起来,渐渐缩小的包围圈像渔网一样把鱼困在里面。
鱼群慌不择路,跃起逃命,直接跃入了旁边海豚张开的大嘴里。领头的海豚一而再地划出新圈子,然后全体把握时机,摆好阵势,等待猎物。
现知只有宽吻海豚用这种方法猎食,由此占尽优势。在适者生存的世界里,这种优势也许就能决定着生死。