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例谈以学案为支架培养口语能力

2018-03-05车维军

校园英语·中旬 2017年18期
关键词:学案口语支架

车维军

【摘要】《课标》明确指出语言是人类最重要的思维和交流工具,也是人们参与社会活动的重要条件。本文通过分析一篇学案作为支架来培养口语能力的设计案例,讨论了学案在口语课堂的支架作用以及如何使用。在学案的帮助下,学生能够掌握语言知识,提高语言技能,发展思维能力。

【关键词】学案 支架 口语

一、引言

学案即学生学习的方案。它就像建筑行业中使用的支架:通过为学生搭建一套合理的辅助框架,借助具体情景,帮助学生规划、实施及完成学习任务,实现对知识意义的建构。在完成学习任务同时能力也得到有效的提高,最后撤掉支架,学生自己能够独立地解决问题,学生因此也变得独立和自信。这种“支架式”教学的理论就是学案的理论基础。

二、以学案为支架的理论依据

学生学习语言不仅要有教师的言传身教,同时还需要借助各种方式进行习得。课堂的时间有限,传统课堂的教师一言堂模式限制了学生的发展。自从1997年年秋,金华一中提出“学案导学”,学案教学法得到了充实和发展。柏岚(2007)认为学案教学,是以学案为操作材料,以教师调控为手段,注重学法指导,突出学生自学,重在培养学习能力和创新意识的教学新模式。

三、以学案为支架的培养口语能力的实例

下面将以人教版《英语》Module 1 Unit 5 Nelson Mandela—a Modern Hero 口語课为例,探讨学案作为支架在学习目标和学习过程各个环节中如何使用。

本课围绕南非黑人领袖Mandela的事迹,引导学生探讨伟人品质。学生对伟人的话题相对比较熟悉。教师抓住伟人这一要点,创新设计了口语学案。

1. Learning aims:

1.1 Make a speech about a great man.

1.2 Make a conversation about Nelson Mandela.

[设计意图]

学案教学的目的是突出学生自学,所以学生要有清晰的学习目标。本学案的四个目标选用简单的动词开头,学生清楚地知晓学习内容,就像登山有了阶梯,不用盲目地选择道路,能够在目标的指引下,快速地到达学习的顶峰。

2. Learning Steps.

Step 1. Choose the right word according to the situation.

(1)Jim is _______,and he always has good ideas.

A. smart B.mean C. hard-working D. honest

(2)Lucy is _________,and she never hesitates(犹豫) to give me a hand whenever Im in trouble.

A.brave B.generous C.warm-hearted D.lovely

[设计意图]

导入设计为单选题是为了再次回顾描述人物品格的形容词。通过完成题目,带领学生进入英语的学习氛围。并且直奔主题:描述人物品格。因为是口语课,所以要考虑到留够时间让学生练习口语。

Step 2.What do the words in Step 1 have in common?

[设计意图]

这一步作为过渡,让学生总结第一步的目的,理清本课学习目标,为下一步做好铺垫。

Step 3. Read the description of following six people. Who do you think is the greatest?Make a short speech.

William Tyndale(1494—1536) Britain

Norman Bethune(1890 — 1939) Canada

Xi Jinping(1953— )China

He wrote the Bible in English so all could read it. He died for his ideas but his work is still used in the official Bible today. He fought against the German Nazis and Japanese invaders during World War II. He worked selflessly in China as a doctor and saved many Chinese soldiers. He became the president of China in 2013.He introduced a series of reforms in modern Chinese society.He is leading the people in achieving the dream of great rejuvenation(复兴) of the Chinese nation.

Tip 1:How to give a good speech.

(1)It is a great pleasure for me to have this wonderful chance to speak here.

(2)No one can deny the fact that...is playing an important role in our history.endprint

(3)As known to all, it is a fact that...is playing an important role in our history.

(4)First of all, we should make it clear whether or not it is really so.

(5)My idea (opinion/ view / reason) may be expressed as follows.

(6)In a word, we should be grateful to...for what he contributed to the world/people/us... Only if we... can we make a difference like ...

(7)Thanks for your listening to my speech.

[设计意图]

这一步让学生进行简短演讲,以事实来说服大家他的演讲主人公是伟大的。材料之后所附的Tip 1就是学案的支架,全部都是演讲的经典句型。学生将材料与句型结合,就成为了一篇演讲。

Step 4. Read the life of Nelson Mandela and make a talk show on TV. He is interviewed by the host about Mandelas life.

Life of Nelson Mandela

1963 ANC began to blow up buildings

1964 sentenced to prison for life on Robben Island for being one of the ANC leaders

1982 moved to a prison in Cape Town

1991 became President of the ANC

1994 became President of South Africa

Tip 2:

The following questions can help you.

When and where was he born?

Did he do anything for others?

What are his best qualities?

You can begin your interview like this example:

Today, we had the great pleasure and honor to interview Wang Fei, famous singer in China. She showed genius when she was young and her song shows everyone that she is the best!Now, lets welcome Wang Fei!

[設计意图]

本环节是模拟电视访谈节目,通过Elias和主持人的交流客观地让观众了解Mandela的伟大之处。Tip 2的两部分,既有访谈对话的提示,又有访谈节目的开头。作为支架部分,有效地帮助了学生来完成任务。

Step 5 What do you think of Mandela?

Tip 3:

The following sentences can help you to show your idea.

(1)Personally,I would prefer __________ because I think ________ has more advantages.

(2)According to my personality and fondness,I would prefer ________ rather than _________.

(3)In my point of view,I like ___________ much more than ________.

(4)If asked to make a decision,I would prefer ________.

[设计意图]

高中英语课程作为普通高中的一门主要课程,可以促进高中生心智、情感、态度与价值观的发展和综合人文素养的提高。Tip 3的六个句型可以用来表达个人观点,让学生掌握地道的英语表达方式。

四、教学反思

高中英语课程的设计与实施有利于学生优化英语学习方式,使他们通过观察、体验、探究等积极主动的学习方法,充分发挥自己的学习潜能,形成有效的学习策略,提高自主学习的能力。

在本学案的Step 4当中习近平替换曼德拉就成功地吸引了学生的兴趣,有利于学生的表达。但是替换的力度不够,圣经的英语著者William Tyndale没有学生选择作为演讲主题,因为学生对他太过陌生;而Neil Armstrong也不够具有时代特色,换成中国的杨利伟更能激发学生的热情。Step 5中 Mandela的简介精选几条,删除几条,就会节省学生阅读材料的时间。留够时间让学生准备访谈节目,之后的展示也会有更多机会。

参考文献:

[1]鲁子问.源于草根的学案能否长大[N].中国教育报,2010-4-2(7).

[2]教育部.普通高中英语课程标准(实验)[M].北京:人民教育出版社,2003.

[3]李娜,刘亮.近十年来我国关于“学案教学”的研究综述-基于相关中国优秀硕士论文的内容分析[J].学理论,2015-12.endprint

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