洋葱中黄酮类化合物对结核分枝杆菌的抑菌作用研究
2018-02-07王丽丽石磊范大鹏
王丽丽+石磊+范大鹏
【摘要】 目的:探討洋葱中黄酮类化合物对结核分枝杆菌的抑菌作用。方法:选用56株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株作为研究对象,结核分枝杆菌标准菌株(H37RV)为对照用菌株,通过分格平板琼脂比例法抑菌试验,观察不同浓度洋葱中黄酮类化合物、黄酮与一线抗结核药物联合使用对结核分枝杆菌的抑菌作用;小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞与结核分枝杆菌共同孵育后,将细胞分为对照组、560 μg/mL黄酮组、280 μg/mL黄酮组、140 μg/mL黄酮组、28 μg/mL黄酮组、异烟肼(INH)组,给予相应药物干预,通过实时荧光定量PCR法检测巨噬细胞吞噬的结核分枝杆菌DNA水平,通过酶联免疫吸附法检测细胞培养液中细胞因子水平。结果:(1)与2.0 μg/mL INH、1.0 μg/mL利福平(REP)、5.0 μg/mL乙胺丁醇(EMB)、2.0 μg/mL链霉素(SM)比较,28 μg/mL黄酮敏感率较低,560、280 μg/mL黄酮敏感率较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),560、280 μg/mL黄酮敏感率比较差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。(2)与2.0 μg/mL INH、1.0 μg/mL REP、5.0 μg/mL EMB、2.0 μg/mL SM比较,各药物联合使用280 μg/mL黄酮后敏感率均较高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(3)与INH组比较,280 μg/mL黄酮组、560 μg/mL黄酮组巨噬细胞吞噬的结核分枝杆菌DNA扩增Ct值较低及拷贝数较高,28 μg/mL黄酮组巨噬细胞吞噬的结核分枝杆菌DNA扩增Ct值较高及拷贝数较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。(4)与INH组比较,280 μg/mL黄酮组、560 μg/mL黄酮组细胞培养液中水平γ-干扰素、白细胞介素-1β水平较高,28 μg/mL黄酮组细胞培养液中水平γ-干扰素、白细胞介素-1β、白细胞介素-6水平较低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:洋葱中黄酮类化合物对结核分枝杆菌有明显的体外抑菌作用,能够协同INH、REP、EMB及SM抑菌,还能促进巨噬细胞释放γ-干扰素、白细胞介素-1β等细胞因子,提高巨噬细胞吞噬结核分枝杆菌的能力,在≤280 μg/mL范围内,黄酮类化合物浓度越高作用越强。
【关键词】 洋葱提取物; 黄酮类化合物; 结核分枝杆菌; 抑菌
【Abstract】 Objective:To analyze the inhibitory effect of Flavonoids from onion on Mycobacterium tuberculosis.Method:A total of 56 clinical isolates of Mycobacterium tuberculosis were selected as the object and divided into blank control group,mycobacterium tuberculosis standard strain(H37RV) as control strain,through the agar plate agar method,the inhibitory effect of different concentrations of flavonoids,flavonoids combined with first-line anti tuberculosis drugs on Mycobacterium tuberculosis was observed; after co incubation of mouse peritoneal macrophages with Mycobacterium tuberculosis,the cells were divided into control group,560 μg/mL flavone group,280 μg/mL flavone group,140 μg/mL flavone group,28 μg/mL flavone group and isonicotinylhydrazide(INH) group,received the corresponding drug intervention,DNA level of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in macrophages were detected by real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR,cytokine levels in cell culture medium were detected by ELISA.Result:(1)Compared with 2.0 μg/mL INH,1.0 μg/mL REP,5.0 μg/mL EMB,2.0 μg/mL SM,sensitive rate of 28 μg/mL flavonoids was lower,sensitive rate of 560 μg/mL flavonoids and 280 μg/mL flavonoids were higher,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05),the sensitive rate in 560 μg/mL and 280 μg/mL flavonoids were not significantly different(P>0.05).(2)Compared with 2.0 μg/mL INH,1.0 μg/mL REP,5.0 μg/mL EMB,2.0 μg/mL SM,the sensitivity rate of each drug combined with 280 μg/mL flavonoids were higher,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(3)Compared with INH group,the amplified DNA Ct value was lower and copy number of Mycobacterium tuberculosisengulfed by macrophage was higher in 280 μg/mL flavone group and 560 μg/mL flavone group,the amplified DNA Ct value was higher and copy number of Mycobacterium tuberculosisengulfed by macrophage was lower in 28 μg/mL flavone group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).(4)Compared with INH group,the levels of interferon-γ,interleukin-1βin cell culture medium were higher in 280 μg/mL flavone group and 560 μg/mL flavone group,the levels of interferon-γ,interleukin-1βin cell culture medium were lower in 28 μg/mL flavone group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Flavonoids in onion has obvious antibacterial effect in vitro of Mycobacterium tuberculosis,able to cooperate with INH,REP,EMB and SM inhibiting Mycobacterium tuberculosis,also can promote macrophage release interferon-γ,interleukin-1βand other cytokines,increase the ability of macrophages to phagocytosis Mycobacterium tuberculosis,in≤280μg/mL range,the higher the concentration of flavonoids,the stronger the effect.endprint
【Key words】 Onion extract; Flavonoids; Mycobacterium tuberculosis; Bacteriostasis
First-authors address:Hangzhou Red Cross Hospital,Hangzhou 310003,China
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-4985.2018.02.009
结核分枝杆菌感染能够侵犯肺脏、胃、肝等各种器官,导致的结核病是当今人类主要慢性传染病之一[1]。近年来,结核病的发病率不断上升,资料显示,全球感染结核分枝杆菌的人口约占总人口1/3,新发病例约为800万/年,死亡率高达200万/年,我国活动性结核病患者约占全球发病的14.3%,给社会公共安全造成了很大威胁[2-3]。目前,结核病的治疗以异烟肼(isonicotinylhydrazide,INH)、利福平(rifampicin,REP)、乙胺丁醇(ethambutol,EMB)、链霉素(streptomycin,SM)一线抗结核药物为主,对于敏感菌,规范治疗可取得较好的疗效。但是,作为结核病的病原菌,结核分枝杆菌具有多形性、抗酸性、生长缓慢、抵抗力强、变异性等生物学特性,很容易发生耐药问题,增加了临床治疗的困难[4-5]。耐药问题甚至增加了结核性脑膜炎等严重并发症的风险[6]。有研究显示,我国2012年多重耐药结核分枝杆菌感染的发病率在3.0%~5.9%[7],这一数字正不断增加,且多重耐药结核分枝杆菌有发展为广泛耐药结核菌的可能,大大提高了结核病的治疗难度,因此寻找新的抗结核分枝杆菌药物已成为迫在眉睫的问题。我国应用中药治疗肺结核历史悠久且效果较好,洋葱为草本药食同源植物,具有抗菌、抗癌、抗氧化、抗血小板聚集等功效。洋葱对广泛耐药结核菌具有一定的抗菌活性,含有黄酮类化合物。黄酮类化合物被认为是潜在的抗结核药物[8],但提取自洋葱的黄酮类化合物能否抑制结核分枝杆菌未见报道。本研究主要探讨洋葱中黄酮类化合物对结核分枝杆菌的抑菌作用,现报告如下。
1 资料与方法
1.1 材料
1.1.1 研究对象 56株结核分枝杆菌临床分离株来自本实验室;结核分枝杆菌标准菌株(H37RV)为对照用菌株,购自北京市结核与胸部肿瘤研究所;小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞,依照文献[9]方法提取自昆明小鼠。
1.1.2 药品与试剂 洋葱黄酮类化合物,采用乙醇回流提取法自新鲜洋葱中提取,并经大孔吸附树脂分离纯化获得;异烟肼(纯度>99.0%)、利福平(纯度>98.0%)、乙胺丁醇(纯度>98.5%)、链霉素(纯度>98.0%),美国Sigma公司产品;7H10琼脂、OADC营养液,购自美国BD公司;RPMI-1640培养基,购自上海博升生物科技有限公司;小鼠干扰素-γ(interferon-γ,IFN-γ)、白细胞介素-1β(interleukin-1β,IL-1β)ELISA试剂盒,购自上海信裕生物科技有限公司;结核分枝杆菌基因(TB-SA)检测试剂盒(荧光定量PCR法),购自成都永安制药有限公司。
1.1.3 仪器 细胞培养板,上海朗晟生物科技有限公司产品;AHWS-150L恒温恒湿培养箱,常州爱华仪器制造有限公司;产品;3K15型离心机,德国Sigma公司产品;Freedom EVO 75全自动酶联免疫吸附分析仪,瑞士帝肯公司产品;AM5000实时荧光定量PCR检测系统,美国AmCell公司。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 黄酮的分格平板琼脂比例法抑菌试验 (1)药物溶液配制:采用无菌生理盐水,分别配制浓度为560、280、140、28 μg/mL黄酮溶液,INH(浓度0.2 μg/mL)、REP(浓度1.0 μg/mL)、EMB(浓度5.0 μg/mL)、SM(浓度2.0μg/mL)溶液。(2)培养基制备:7H10琼脂900 mL经高压后冷却至53 ℃左右,加入OADC营养液100 mL。混匀后置于分格板内,每格10 mL,并分别滴加1 mL药物溶液制成含不同浓度的黄酮平板、含INH平板、含REP平板、含EMB平板、含SM平板,对照培养管(不含药物的普通平板)滴加1 mL无菌生理盐水。(3)菌悬液配置:挑取在罗氏培养基上培养的结核分枝杆菌临床分离株和标准菌株菌落,利用无菌的0.5%吐温80生理盐水溶解稀释,与标准麦氏浊度比浊,配成1 mg/mL的悬液,采用无菌的0.5%吐温80生理盐水10倍比稀释,至接种浓度分别为10-2、10-4 mg/mL。(4)接种:采用标准接种环分别取0.01 mL菌液,分别接种到对照培养基及含药培养基表面,接种菌液尽可能分散于培养基上。(5)培养:将接种后的培养基置于37 ℃环境中,培养4周,待對照培养管的菌体生长良好后,进行菌体药物敏感性鉴定;若对照培养管菌体不生长,则需重新试验。(6)结果判读:37 ℃培养4周后观察计数培养基上菌落生长情况,并计算耐药百分比,耐药百分比=(含药培养基上菌落数/对照培养基上菌落数)×100%。耐药百分比≥0.1%为耐药,耐药百分比<1.0%为敏感[10]。
1.2.2 黄酮和抗结核药物协同抑菌试验 根据步骤1.2.1的试验结果,选取最适黄酮浓度,分别与0.2 μg/mL INH、1.0 μg/mL REP、5.0 μg/mL EMB、2.0 μg/mL SM溶液,配置成含黄酮及一线抗结核药物的平板,按照步骤1.2.1的操作检测各药物的耐药百分比。
1.2.3 细胞培养 将小鼠腹腔巨噬细胞浓度调整为1×109/L,接种于48孔板中,500 μL/孔,并分别加入500 μL RPMI-1640培养基(含100 mL/LFBS)及500 μL密度为1×1010/L的H37RV菌株;将细胞分为对照组、不同浓度黄酮组及INH组,对照组加入100 μL无菌生理盐水,黄酮组分别加入560、280、140、28 μg/mL黄酮溶液100 μL,INH组加入0.2 μg/mL INH溶液100 μL,每组6个培养孔;置于37 ℃、5%CO2的培养箱培养5 h。endprint