浅析英语中的时间状语从句及其常用的连接词

摘要：时间状语从句说明主句动作发生或进行的时间。引导时间状语从句的连接词较多且用法复杂，掌握常用连接词的区别及基本用法对英语的学习有很大帮助。

关键词：英语从句；时间状语；连接词

一、 连接词

when， while， as， before， after， since， ever since， till， until， not... until， as soon as，no sooner than，the moment / minute / instant，

immediately / secondly / instantly / directly， hardly / scarcely... when， once， the day / week / year， every / each time， the first（second...last） time，

next time， any time， all the time， from the time， by the time， whenever

二、 应用举例：

1. when，while和as

如：（1）When the film ended，the people went back.

（2）Please dont talk so loud while others are working.

（3）As I was walking down the street， I came across an old friend of mine.

（4）When / While / As time goes on，its getting warmer and warmer.

when还相当于and then，just / and at that / this time，意思是“就在这时，突然”常见结构有：

（1）Sb. be doing...when...正在做……这时（突然）……

（2）Sb. be about to do...when...正打算做……这时……

（3）Sb. be just going to do...when...正要做……这时……

（4）Sb. be on the point of doing...when...正要做……这时……

（5）Sb. had just done...when...刚做完……这时……

如：（1）We were talking when the teacher came in.

（2）We were about to leave when he came in.

（3）I was just going to go shopping when it began to rain.

（4）He was on the point of leaving when someone knocked at the door.

（5）We had just fallen a sleep when the bell rang.

2. before的常见用法：

（1）It was / took...before...表示“过了多久之后才……”，（从句常用一般过去时）；

（2）It wasnt / didnt take...before...表示“没过多久就……”，（从句常用一般过去时）；

（3）It will be / take...before...表示“要过多久才……”，（从句常用一般现在时）；

（4）It will not be / take...before...表示“用不了多久就会……”，（从句常用一般现在时）；

如：（1）It was a month before he came back.

（2）It wasnt long before he told us the truth.

（3）It will be several years before we meet again.

（4）It will not be two hours before he comes back.

3. after

如：Well arrive after youve left.

4. since和ever since

It is / was / has been...since...表示“自從……已多久了”，从句动词可以是延续性的，也可以是终止性的，都从状态或动作结束时算起。

如：（1）It is five months since I arrived in New York.（arrive是终止性动词，我在纽约已经待了五个月了）

（2）It has been three years since he smoked.（smoke是延续性动词，他吸烟有三年了）

（3）Ever since we knew each other at school，weve been friends.

ever since作连词，引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时或现在完成进行时。

5. till， until和not...until

如：（1）You may stay here till / until the rain stops.endprint

（2）I didnt recognize her until she took off her dark glasses.

（3）Until you told me，I had no idea of it.

（4）It was not until you told me that I had any idea of it.

（5）No tuntil you told me did I have any idea of it.

6. as soon as，no sooner than，the moment / minute / instant，immediately / secondly / instantly / directly，hardly / scarcely...when和once

如：（1）I will tell him as soon as I see him.

（2）No sooner had we arrived at the station than the train left.

（3）The moment I heard the voice，I knew father was coming.

（4）The boy burst into tears immediately he saw his mother.

（5）I had hardly got home when it began to rain.

（6）Hardly had I got home when it began to rain.

（7）Once she had made up her mind，nothing can change it.

7. the day / week / year，every / each time，the first（second...last）time，next time，any time，all the time，from the time和by the time

如：（1）Each time I was in trouble，he would come to help me.

（2）The first time they met，they fell in love with each other.

（3）Next time you come，do remember to bring my book.

（4）By the time you receive this letter，Ill have left the country.

8. whenever

如：Whenever I see him，he is busy with his work.

作者簡介：李洁芸，甘肃省定西市，甘肃省渭源县第四高级中学。endprint