别有风味的田头舞台

张建成

金风送爽，鼓乐阵阵，舞姿翩翩，笑声飞扬。武义县履坦镇后桑园村、壶山街道后舍村、桃溪镇东垄村……土味十足、充满乐趣的田野运动会接连举行，来自周边县市的中外游客和当地市民在田头舞台开心运动。

精彩的活动吸引了常驻义乌的肯尼亚、约旦、阿富汗和伊拉克等国多位外商前来体验。他们在后舍村田野运动会上开心参与田板舞草龙、水田徒手抓鱼、水田抓鸭等有趣的田野狂欢活动。

武义县后舍村庆丰收草根田野运动会至今已举办四届，这次来自肯尼亚、约旦、阿富汗和伊拉克等国的多位外商得知消息后，报名组队参加了各项比赛。比赛奖品虽是清一色的地瓜、甘蔗、萝卜、柑橘、玉米棒等农作物，但参赛的约旦客商伊桑乐呵呵地说：我在义乌市场经商已近10年，除了与市场许多经营户成了生意伙伴外，在周边县市也交了不少朋友，哪里有好玩有趣的活動我都会去赶场。今天的田野运动会就很有意思，赶场参赛主要是享受快乐，同时也学几句当地的方言。如义乌的“沃季”（现在）、武义的“刀挨去喃希”（到我家里玩）、永康的“五更饭石过咪”（早饭吃过没）等方言我也能说几句，这样到哪里都容易融入，并更有亲切感。当然，参加这样的活动主要是放松身心、享受快乐、愉悦心情，劳逸结合对身体、生活、工作都有好处。

来自江西上饶、在武义务工的方女士与丈夫带着12岁的女儿和8岁的儿子，方女士参加在履坦镇后桑园村举行的水田足球赛，丈夫和一对儿女报名参加搬萝卜玉米亲子接力赛。在活动现场方女士说：“武义的庆丰收田园活动颇有趣味，我们一家人都会来赶热闹，既能了解这里的风土人情、文化习俗，又能使孩子开阔视野，接受传统农耕文化知识，这对我们融入当地人生活圈子、培养孩子成长都有好处。”

武义县的白姆乡后树白鹤殿和壶山街道陈堰殿民间斗牛庆丰收活动，改革开放后至今已举办了24届。金华武义斗牛起源于两汉（三国），兴盛于北宋，距今已有1000多年历史。自古以来，每年秋冬农闲季节，或是寺庙开光、村里有喜事，都会进行斗牛表演或比赛。金华斗牛不同于西班牙的人与牛斗，而是牛与牛斗，通常斗牛场选择宽广平坦、四周视线好的浅水田，参赛的黄牯牛在“拆牛手”的牵引下进场比拼，厮杀中的两头斗牛鼻子上都不拴绳子，两头牛8只蹄子在泥浆里奋力发劲，碰头、抵角、撞身，搏杀中现场泥浆四溅，甚是壮观，这古老而又精彩的斗牛能让看客大饱眼福。

但金华斗牛也颇有讲究，如两头牛搏杀中势均力敌，斗红了眼激怒对方后会互不相让拼死对抗。斗牛场中对抗搏杀的斗牛，如一头输了落荒而逃，另一头穷追不舍，一旦冲出护栏就会伤及观众。为确保参斗的牛不受伤和观众人身安全，每次斗牛现场都会配备多名“拆牛手”。每次斗牛开始后，“拆牛手”就聚精会神注视搏杀中的斗牛，当出现斗得难解难分、胜负相当的情景时，“拆牛手”就及时制伏蛮牛，化解险情。金华斗牛比的是凶悍和耐力，突出的是观赏性，所以被誉为“东方文明斗牛”，2007年金华斗牛被列入省级非物质文化遗产名录。

（本文照片由作者拍摄）

Winter Sporting Events in Rural Wuyi

By Zhang Jiancheng

In Wuyi， a largely rural county in central Zhejiang Province， leisurely winter days in the last part of the year are traditionally dedicated to sports and entertainment. Villages hold sporting events. In particular， bullfighting， a tradition of over 1，000 years in the region， is the biggest for rural entertainment.

At least three villages in Wuyi held sporting carnivals in November or December last year. Houshe Village celebrated the harvest of the year in winter days. Such a sporting event is different from usual sport competitions. Villagers vie each other in catching fish and ducks in rice paddies with bare hands. And they make straw dragons and stage a straw dragon dance.

As Houshe is not far from Yiwu， home to the worlds biggest wholesale marketplace for household commodities， some foreign businesspeople from Kenya， Jordan， Afghanistan and Iraq who are working in Yiwu， participated in the carnival. Competitions are usually held in vegetable gardens， rice paddies where the autumn crop has been harvested. Winners received farm produce as trophies and awards. What was important wasnt the tangible food awarded to winners， it was fun that attracted people to come and enjoy.endprint

The village sporting event also pulled in tourists from nearby towns and cities. Fang and her husband brought their 12-year-old daughter and 8-year-old son came to Rear Mulberry Garden， a village in Lutan Town， to participate in the winter-day sporting event. The father and the children plunged into a competition in which they relayed to move tulips and corncobs. And additionally the mother played a football game in a rice paddy. The family came from Shangrao in neighboring Jiangxi Province. The parents are working in Wuyi. They wanted their children to understand the regional lifestyle better so as to grow up more smoothly.

If the annual sporting carnival at Houshe is only four years old， bullfighting in Wuyi is over 1，000 years old. The bullfight dates back to the Han Dynasty （202BC-220AD） and the Three Kingdoms （220-280AD） and flourished in the Northern Song Dynasty （960-1127）. To outsiders， it is usually known as Jinhua Bullfighting， as Jinhua is the central city in the region and a number of rural counties and county-level cities are under its jurisdiction.

In Wuyi， a bullfight usually takes place in rural celebrations when a temple holds its first ever religious ceremony after completion of construction or a village holds a celebration on some important occasions. Unlike the bullfighting in Spain where a matador fights and kills a bull ceremoniously， a bullfight in Wuyi occurs between two bulls on a large broad ground of rice paddies， with nothing to block spectators near and far to view and enjoy the fight. The annual tradition was restored in the 1990s when the reform and opening up to the outside world was going in full swing. So far the annual event has taken place 24 times in Wuyi since the restoration.

To keep spectators and bulls safe is a rule of the tradition. There are a group of peacemakers in charge of separating the fighting bulls when and if necessary. When in fight， a winning bull often chases the loser relentlessly in a bid to kill the archrival. At such a conjuncture moment， peacemakers rush in to separate the bulls and hold them and prevent them from charging into cheering crowds. In most cases， no bulls get killed in a bullfight. Thats why some consider the bullfighting is civilized. Spectators come to watch a bullfight to see bulls power and stamina as well as the drama of the fight. They dont expect to see how a bull kills another. In 2007， Jinhua Bullfighting was inscribed on the provincial directive of intangible cultural heritage.endprint